Bibliography by subject list

Linguistic

• Corpus
• Discourse
• General Survey
• Grammar
• Morphology
• Phonology
• Pragmatics
• Prosody
• Vocabulary

Social

• Attitudes to NZE
• Gender and NZE
• Māori English
• Māori in English
• Media and Performance
• Origins
• Regional Variation
• Social class

Text-type

• Dictionary
• Popular

Linguistic

Corpus

Bauer, Laurie. 1993a. Manual of information to accompany the Wellington corpus of written New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University of Wellington, Department of Linguistics.

Bauer, Laurie. 1993b. Progress with a corpus of New Zealand English and some early results. In Clive Souter & Eric Atwell (eds): Corpus-based computational linguistics. Amsterdam and Atlanta. Rodopi: 1-10.

Bauer, Laurie. 1994. Introducing the Wellington Corpus of Written New Zealand English. Te Reo 37: 21-28.

Grant, Lynn. 2005. Giving or signalling opinions – Corpus and newspaper evidence. New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics 11, 1: 43 – 64. (Draws on data from the Wellington corpora as well as the British National Corpus)

Holmes, Janet. 1994. Methodological problems in collecting spoken New Zealand English. ICE Newsletter 19.

Holmes, Janet. 1995. The New Zealand spoken component of ICE: some methodological challenges. In Sidney Greenbaum (ed.), English Word-Wide: Introducing the International Corpus of English. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Holmes, Janet. 1996. Collecting the Wellington Corpus of Spoken New Zealand English: some methodological challenges. New Zealand English Journal 10: 10-15.

Holmes, Janet. 1998. Generic pronouns in the Wellington Corpus of Spoken New Zealand English. Kotare 1: 32-40.

Holmes, Janet. 1998. Notes on collecting conversations for the ICE-NZ Corpus. ICE Newsletter 26.

Holmes, Janet, Bernadette Vine and Gary Johnson. 1998. Guide to the Wellington Corpus of Spoken New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University of Wellington.

Johnson, Gary and Janet Holmes. 1996. The Wellington Corpus of Spoken New Zealand English: transcription and ethical issues. New Zealand English Journal 10: 16-24.

Macalister, John. 2001. Introducing a New Zealand newspaper corpus. New Zealand English Journal 15: 35-41.

Macalister, John. 2006. The Maori lexical presence in New Zealand English: constructing a corpus for diachronic change. Corpora, 1, 1: 85-98.

Macalister, John. 2006. The Maori presence in the New Zealand English lexicon, 1850 – 2000: Evidence from a corpus-based study. English World-Wide 27: 1, 1-24.

Maclagan, Margaret A. and Elizabeth Gordon. 1999. Data for New Zealand social dialectology: the Canterbury corpus. New Zealand English Journal 13: 50-58.

Newman, John. 2002. A corpus-based study of the expression good as gold. New Zealand English Journal 16: 24-32.

Vine, Bernadette. 1999. A word on the Wellington corpora. New Zealand English Journal 13: 59-61.

Warren, Paul. 2002. NZSED: building and using a speech database for New Zealand English 16: 53-58.

Wellington Corpora of New Zealand English. 1998. CD Rom. Victoria University of Wellington. School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies.

Discourse

Haggo, D.C. and K. Kuiper. 1985. Stock auction speech in Canada and New Zealand. In R. Berry, J. Acheson (eds). Regionalism and national identity: multidisciplinary essays on Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Christchurch, Association for Canadian Studies in Australia and New Zealand: 189-197.

Hickey, Francesca and Koenraad Kuiper. 2000. ‘A deep depression covers the South Tasman Sea’: New Zealand Meteorological Office weather forecasts. In Bell and Kuiper (eds). New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: 279-296.

Holmes, Janet. 1997. Story-telling in New Zealand women’s and men’s talk. In Ruth Wodak (ed.), Gender, Discourse and Ideology. London, Sage: 263-293.

Holmes, Janet. 1998. Notes on collecting conversations for the ICE-NZ Corpus. ICE Newsletter 26.

Holmes, Janet. 2000. Women at work: analysing women’s talk in New Zealand workplaces. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 22.2: 1-17.

Holmes, Janet. 2007. Humour and the construction of Māori leadership at work. Leadership 3, 1, 5- 27.

Holmes, Janet and Maria Stubbe. 1997. Good listeners: gender differences in New Zealand conversation. Women and Language 20: 7-14.

Holmes, Janet, Maria Stubbe and Bernadette Vine. 1999. Analysing New Zealand English in the workplace. New Zealand English Journal 13: 8-12.

Kuiper, Koenraad. 1991. Sporting formulae in New Zealand English: two models of male solidarity. In Jenny Cheshire (ed.), English around the world: sociolinguistic perspectives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 200-209.

Kuiper, Koenraad. 1994. A short dictionary of livestock auctioneering formulae collected at North Canterbury livestock auctions. New Zealand English Newsletter 8: 11-17.

Kuiper, Koenraad and Paddy Austin. 1990. They’re off and racing now: the speech of the New Zealand race caller. In Bell and Holmes (eds). New Zealand Ways of Speaking English. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters; and Wellington, Victoria University Press: 195-220.

Kuiper, Koenraad and D.C. Haggo. 1984. Livestock auctions, oral poetry and ordinary language. Language in Society 13.2: 205-234.

Marra, Meredith, Stephanie Schnurr, and Janet Holmes. Effective Leadership in New Zealand Workplaces: Balancing Gender and Role. In Judith Baxter (ed) Speaking Out: The Female Voice in Public Contexts. Basingstoke. Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 240-260.

Stubbe, Maria. 2001. Talking shop: researching workplace communication in New Zealand. English in Aotearoa 43: 23-27.

Stubbe, Maria and Janet Holmes. 2000. Talking Maori or Pakeha in English: signalling identity in discourse. In Bell and Kuiper (eds). New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins: 249-278.

Tither, Jacqueline M. 2000. Selling yourself and procuring another: investigating gender differences in NZ dating advertisements. New Zealand English Journal 14: 66-74.

Vine, Bernadette. 2001. Getting things done in a New Zealand workplace. New Zealand English Journal 15: 47-51.

Waldvogel, Joan. 2002. Some features of workplace emails. New Zealand Journal of English 16: 42-52.

Wallace, Derek. 2001. Swimming in separate lanes: rhetorical practices in an online discussion group. English in Aotearoa 43: 14-19.

Yang, Wen. 1997. Discourse analysis of direct and indirect speech in spoken New Zealand English. New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics 3: 62-78.

General survey

Bauer, Laurie. 1994. English in New Zealand. In Robert Burchfield (ed.). English in Britain and overseas: origins and development (Volume 5 of The Cambridge history of the English language). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 382-429.

Bayard, Donn. 1995. Kiwitalk: sociolinguistics and New Zealand society. Palmerston North. Dunmore Press.

Bayard, Donn. 2000. New Zealand English: origins, relationships, and prospects. Moderna Språk 94: 8-14.

Bell, Allan, Ray Harlow and Donna Starks (eds). 2005. Languages of New Zealand. Wellington: Victoria University Press.

Bell, Allan 2005. New Zealand English: introduction. In Allan Bell, Ray Harlow and Donna Starks (eds). Languages of New Zealand. Wellington: Victoria University Press: 151 – 155.

Bell, Allan and Janet Holmes (eds). 1990. New Zealand ways of speaking English. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters; and Wellington, Victoria University Press. (Review by Tony Deverson in English Today 7.3 (July 1991): 52-53.)

Bell, Allan and Janet Holmes. 1991. New Zealand. In Jenny Cheshire (ed.), English around the world: sociolinguistic perspectives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 153-168.

Bell, Allan and Koenraad Kuiper (eds). 2000. New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/Philadephia, John Benjamins. (Varieties of English Around the World G25.) (Review by Peter Trudgill in English World-Wide 21.2 (2000): 312-320.)

Bennett, J.A.W. 1943. English as it is spoken in New Zealand. American Speech 18: 81-95. Reprinted in Ramson (ed.) 1970: 69-83.

Burridge, Kate and Jean Mulder. 1998. English in Australia and New Zealand. Melbourne, Oxford University Press.

Crystal, David. 1995. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language.Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. (New Zealand: 99, New Zealand English: 354–355)

Davy, Derek. 1988. Surveying New Zealand English. New Zealand English Newsletter 2: 4-8.

Dear, I.C.B. 1986. Oxford English. Oxford University Press. (English overseas: Australia and New Zealand: 272-274, by E.S.C. Weiner - from Weiner (1983).)

Deverson, Tony. 1994. New Zealand English past and present. Introduction to Orsman and Orsman: vi-xxviii.

Deverson, Tony. 1997. New Zealand English. In Penny Griffith, Keith Maslen, and Ross Harvey (eds). Book and Print in New Zealand: a guide to print culture in Aotearoa. Wellington, Victoria University Press: 22-26.

Deverson, Tony and John Macalister. 2006. Bibliography of writings on New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal, 20: 51-96.

Dunlop, Anna. 1979. English down under. Logophile: the Cambridge Journal of Words and Language. 3.1: 23-25.

Eagleson, R.D. 1982. English in Australia and New Zealand. In R.W. Bailey & M. Görlach (eds), English as a world language. Ann Arbor, Michigan. University of Michigan Press. 415-438.

Fromkin, V., R. Rodman, P. Collins, & D. Blair. 1990. An introduction to language (Second Australian edition). Sydney. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. (The New Zealand English Dialect: 251-252.) (257-258 in first Australian edition 1984.) (Now in a 4th Australian edition, Harcourt, 1999; Fromkin, Blair, Collins; New Zealand English 406-7.)

Glauser, B., E. Schneider and M. Görlach. 1993. A new bibliography of writings on varieties of English, 1984-1992/3. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins. (New Zealand entries in Part IV: The Rest of the World.)

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1982. The study of New Zealand English. SPAN 14 (April 1982): 39-43.

Gordon, Elizabeth and Tony Deverson. 1985. New Zealand English: an introduction to New Zealand speech and usage. Auckland, Heinemann. (Review in English World-Wide 7:2 (1986): 349-350.)

Gordon, Elizabeth and Tony Deverson. 1998. New Zealand English and English in New Zealand. Auckland. New House Publishers. (Audiotape available) (Review by Manfred Görlach in English World-Wide 19.2 (1998): 316–317)

Holmes, Janet. 1998. A Kiwi cocktail: current changes in New Zealand English.

In Hans Lindquist et al. (eds), The Major Varieties of English: papers from MAVEN 97. Växjö, Växjö University: 37-48.

Holmes, Janet and Allan Bell. 1990. Attitudes, varieties, discourse: an introduction to the sociolinguistics of New Zealand English. In Bell and Holmes (eds). New Zealand Ways of Speaking English. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters; and Wellington, Victoria University Press: 1-20.

Hundt, Marianne 2002. English in New Zealand. In D.J. Allerton, Paul Skandera, Cornelia Tschichold (eds). Perspectives on English as a World Language. Basel, Schwabe: 63-78.

Kaplan, R.B. 1981. The language situation in New Zealand. Linguistic Reporter 23: 1-3.

Kuiper, Koenraad. 1987. The study of New Zealand English: a brief position paper. New Zealand English Newsletter 1: 3-5.

Kuiper, Koenraad and Allan Bell. 2000. New Zealand and New Zealand English. In Bell and Kuiper (eds). New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins: 11-22.

Lass, Roger. 1987. The shape of English: structure and history. London, J.M. Dent & Sons. (Australian and New Zealand English 295-300).

Macalister, John. 2006. A note on the newly revised bibliography of writings on New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal, 20: 48-50.

McArthur, Tom. 1985. An ABC of World English: Kenya to Zimbabwe. English Today. 4: 31–36. (New Zealand 31-32.)

McArthur, Tom (ed.). 1992. The Oxford companion to the English language. Oxford. Oxford University Press. (Entries for New Zealand dictionaries, New Zealand English, New Zealandism, New Zealand place-names 695-699, also for Maori and Maori English 642–644, contributed by Laurie Bauer and Robert Burchfield)

McArthur, Tom. 2002. The Oxford Guide to World English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. This contains material previously published in The Oxford Companion to the English Language.

McCrum, Robert, William Cran and Robert MacNeil. 1986. The story of English. London. Faber & Faber and BBC Publications. (New Zealand English 300-304 ‘A "carefully modulated murmur"’; also Notes 366)

Meyerhoff, Miriam. 2006. Linguistic change, sociohistorical context, and theory-building in variationist linguistics: new-dialect formation in New Zealand. English Language and Linguistics 10, 1: 173-194. (Review of Gordon et al (2004) and Trudgill (2004).

Ramson, W.S. 1969. Australian and New Zealand English: the present state of studies. Kivung 2: 42-56.

Soljak, Philip B. 1946. New Zealand: Pacific Pioneer. New York, Macmillan. (New Zealand English: 114-119.)

Turner, G.W. 1966. The English language in Australia and New Zealand. London, Longmans.

Turner, G.W. 1970. New Zealand English today. In Ramson (ed.). English transported: essays on Australasian English. Canberra, Australian National University Press: 84-101.

Wall, Arnold. 1936. The mother tongue in New Zealand. Dunedin, Reed.

Wells, J. C. 1982. Accents of English. Vol. 3. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. (New Zealand: 605-610.)

Grammar

Ainsworth, Helen. 1992. The mark of possession or possession’s mark? A case study. New Zealand English Newsletter 6: 17-20.

Barham, I. H. 1965. The English vocabulary and sentence structure of Maori children. Wellington, New Zealand Council for Educational Research. (Educational Research Series, no. 43.)

Bauer, Laurie. 1987. Approaching the grammar of New Zealand English. New Zealand English Newsletter 1: 12-15.

Bauer, Laurie. 1988. Number agreement with collective nouns in New Zealand English. Australian Journal of Linguistics 8.2: 247-259.

Bauer, Laurie. 1989a. Irregularity in past non-finite verb-forms and A note on the New Zealand weekend. New Zealand English Newsletter 3: 13-16.

Bauer, Laurie. 1989b. Marginal modals in New Zealand English. Te Reo 32: 3-16.

Bauer, Laurie. 1989c. The verb have in New Zealand English. English World-Wide 10.1: 69-83.

Bauer, Laurie. 2001. Some verb complements in New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 15: 29-34.

Bauer, Laurie and Winifred Bauer. 2002. Adjective boosters in the English of young New Zealanders. Journal of English Linguistics 30: 244-257.

Britain, David. 2000. As far as analysing grammatical variation and change in New Zealand English with very few tokens is concerned. In Bell and Kuiper (eds). New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins: 198-220.

Davy, Derek. 1986. Implications of the emergence of new standards of English for the writing of English grammars. In Gerhard Leitner (ed.). The English reference grammar: language and linguistics, writers and readers. Tübingen, Max Niemeyer Verlag: 178-189.

Deverson, Tony. 1990d. ‘Woman’s constancy’: a distinctive zero plural in New Zealand English. Te Reo 33: 43-56.

Holmes, Janet. 1998. Generic pronouns in the Wellington Corpus of Spoken New Zealand English. Kotare 1: 32-40.

Hundt, Marianne. 1996. Beyond hope: on the use of hopefully in New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 10: 31-34.

Hundt, Marianne. 1998. New Zealand English grammar: fact or fiction? Amsterdam/Philadephia, John Benjamins. (Review by Janet Holmes in English World-Wide 20.2 (1999).)

Hundt, Marianne, Jen Hay & Elizabeth Gordon 2004. New Zealand English: morphosyntax. In Bernd Kortman & Edgar W. Schneider (eds). A Handbook of Varieties of English, Vol 2. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter: 560-592.

Jacob, Jenny. 1990. A grammatical comparison of the spoken English of Maori and Pakeha women in Levin. MA Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington.

Jacob, Jenny. 1991. A grammatical comparison of the casual speech of Maori and Pakeha women in Levin. Te Reo 34: 53-70.

Kuiper, Koenraad. 1990. Some more areas for research in New Zealand English syntax. New Zealand English Newsletter 4: 31-34.

Leek, Robert-H. 1997. Standard and non-standard pronoun use by two generations of New Zealand speakers: an Auckland mini-project. New Zealand English Journal 11: 26-34.

Quinn, Heidi. 1995.Variation in NZE syntax and morphology: a study of the acceptance and use of grammatical variants among Canterbury and West Coast teenagers. MA Thesis, Canterbury University.

Quinn, Heidi. 2000. Variation in New Zealand English syntax and morphology. In Bell and Kuiper (eds). New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/ Philadelphia, John Benjamins: 173-197.

Quinn, Heidi. 2005. The distribution of pronoun case forms in English. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Sigley, Robert. 1997. Choosing your relatives: relative clauses in New Zealand English. PhD Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington.

Sigley, Robert. 1997. The influence of formality and channel on relative pronoun choice in New Zealand English. English Language and Linguistics 1: 207-232.

Vantellini, Laura. 2003. Agreement with collective nouns in New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 17: 45-49.

Vine, Bernadette. 2005. Why we ought to look at need to: a preliminary investigation of the modals of obligation and necessity in spoken Business English. New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics, 11, 2: 111-119.

Zanetti, Brenda. 1991. Towards a non-sexist language: a preliminary survey and analysis of singular they use in New Zealand English. New Zealand English Newsletter 5: 26-34.

Morphology

Bauer, Laurie. 1987. New Zealand English morphology: some experimental evidence. Te Reo 30: 37-53.

Corne, Chris. 1998. The –er ‘processive’ suffix and You little bottler! New Zealand English Journal 12: 21-24.

Holmes, Janet. 1993. Sex-marking suffixes in New Zealand written English. American Speech 68.4: 357-370.

Hundt, Marianne, Jen Hay & Elizabeth Gordon 2004. New Zealand English: morphosyntax. In Bernd Kortman & Edgar W. Schneider (eds). A Handbook of Varieties of English, Vol 2. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter: 560-592.

Quinn, Heidi. 2000. Variation in New Zealand English syntax and morphology. In Bell and Kuiper (eds). New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins: 173-197.

Phonology

Allan, W. Scott and Donna Starks. 2000. ‘No-one sounds like us?’ A comparison of New Zealand and other southern hemisphere Englishes. In Bell and Kuiper (eds). New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/Philadephia, John Benjamins: 53-83.

Anderson, L. & R. Aitken. 1965. A study of the speech and idiom of Maori children in the Western Bay of Plenty. New Zealand Council for Educational Research. Mount Maunganui College and Auckland Post-Primary Teachers’ College.

Bartlett, Chris. 1992. Regional variation in New Zealand English: the case of Southland. New Zealand English Newsletter 6: 5-15.

Batterham, Margaret. 1995. ‘There is another type here’: some front vowel variables in New Zealand English. PhD thesis. Melbourne: La Trobe University.

Batterham, Margaret. 2000. The apparent merger of the front centring diphthongs - EAR and AIR - in New Zealand English. In Bell and Kuiper (eds). New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/Philadephia, John Benjamins: 111-145.

Bauer, Laurie. 1979. The second Great Vowel Shift? Journal of the International Phonetic Association 9.2: 57-66.

Bauer, Laurie. 1982a. That vowel shift again. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 12.1: 48-49.

Bauer, Laurie. 1982b. Unnatural phonology in English. Te Reo 25: 13-22 (esp. 14–15).

Bauer, Laurie. 1986. Notes on New Zealand English phonetics and phonology. English World-Wide. Amsterdam, John Benjamins B.V. 7.2: 225-258.

Bauer, Laurie. 1992. The second Great Vowel Shift revisited. English World-Wide 13.2: 253–268.

Bauer, Laurie. 1994. English in New Zealand. In Robert Burchfield (ed.), English in Britain and overseas: origins and development (Volume 5 of The Cambridge history of the English language). Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 382-429.

Bauer, Laurie. 1995. Spelling pronunciation and related matters in New Zealand English. In J. Windsor Lewis (ed.). Studies in general and English phonetics. London, Routledge: 320-325.

Bauer, Laurie 1999. The origins of the New Zealand English accent. English World-Wide 20. 2: 287-307.

Bauer, Laurie. 2006. Some lexical incidental pronunciations in New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal, 20: 1-8.

Bauer, Laurie and Lisa Matthewson. 1989. Abstracts of honours projects on the phonetics and phonology of New Zealand English. New Zealand English Newsletter 3: 17-19.

Bauer, Laurie and Janet Holmes. 1996. Getting into a flap! /t/ in New Zealand English. World Englishes 15.1: 115-124.

Bauer, Laurie and Paul Warren. 2004. New Zealand English: phonology. In Bernd Kortman & Edgar W. Schneider (eds), A Handbook of Varieties of English, Vol 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter: 580-602.

Bauer Laurie & Paul Warren. 2004. Curing the goat’s mouth. Proceedings of the Tenth Australian International Conference on Speech Science & Technology, 215-220.

Bayard, Donn. 1990. Minder, Mork and Mindy? (-t) glottalisation and post-vocalic (-r) in younger New Zealand English speakers. In Bell and Holmes (eds). New Zealand ways of speaking English. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters; and Wellington, Victoria University Press: 149-164.

Bayard, Donn. 1991. Social constraints on the phonology of New Zealand English. In Jenny Cheshire (ed.). English around the world: sociolinguistic perspectives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 169-186.

Bayard, Donn. 1995. Peers versus parents: a longitudinal study of rhotic - non–rhotic accommodation in a NZE-speaking child. New Zealand English Newsletter 9: 15-22.

Bayard, Donn. 1999. Getting in a flap or turning off the tap in Dunedin?: stylistic variation in New Zealand English intervocalic (-t-). English World-Wide 20.1: 125-155.

Bell, Allan. 1997a. The phonetics of fish and chips in New Zealand: marking national and ethnic identities. English World-Wide 18.2: 243-270.

Bell, Allan. 1997b. Those short front vowels. New Zealand English Journal 11: 3–13.

Bell, Allan and Janet Holmes. 1992. H-droppin’: two sociolinguistic variables in New Zealand English. Australian Journal of Linguistics 12.2: 223-248.

Bernard, J.R. 1971. Accent and aspiration (changes in Australian and New Zealand English). The New Zealand Speech Therapists&srquo; Journal 26: 5-11.

Britain, David. 2001. Where did it all start?: dialect contact, the ‘founder principle’ and the so-called <-own> split in new Zealand English. Transactions of the Philological Society 99: 1-27.

Brooks, Amanda. 1994. American and British influences on phonetic variables in New Zealand rock music. New Zealand English Newsletter 8: 22-30.

Brosnahan, L.F. 1966. Notes on / l / in New Zealand English. Proceedings and papers of the 10th AULLA congress: 230-234.

Campbell, Elizabeth and Elizabeth Gordon. 1996. ‘What do you fink?’ Is New Zealand English losing its ‘th’? New Zealand English Journal 10: 40-46.

Deverson, Tony. 1988. The pronunciation of Maori words in New Zealand English. In Occasional Papers in Language and Linguistics. Christchurch, University of Canterbury. Number 1: 25-31.

Ellis, Alexander J. 1889. On Early English Pronunciation. Volume 5. Trübner and Co. (Australasian South Eastern (incorporating material supplied by Samuel McBurney): 236–248.)

Evans, Z. & C. Watson 2004. An acoustic comparison of Australian and New Zealand English. Proceedings of the Tenth Australian International Conference on Speech Science & Technology: 195-200.

Gibson, Andrew. 2005. Non-prevocalic /r/ in New Zealand hip-hop. New Zealand English Journal 19: 5-12.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1983. New Zealand English pronunciation: an investigation into some early written records. Te Reo 26: 29-42.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1984. New Zealand speech and a New Zealand identity. Working papers on language and schooling. International federation for the teaching of English. (International seminar: ‘Language, schooling and society’, Michigan State University, November 1984.)

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1987. Spoken English data. New Zealand English Newsletter 1: 9.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1989. That colonial twang: New Zealand speech and New Zealand identity. In D. Novitz and W. Willmott (eds). Culture and identity in New Zealand. Wellington, Government Printer Books: 77-90.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1991a. New Zealand speech and New Zealand society. Spoken English: Journal of the International English Speaking Board 24.3: 13-16.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1991b. The development of spoken English in New Zealand. In McGregor and Williams (eds). Dirty silence: aspects of language and literature in New Zealand. Auckland. Oxford University Press: 19-28.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1992. Finding their own voice: the evolution of New Zealand English. In Claudia Blank (ed.). Language and civilization: a concerted profusion of essays and studies in honour of Otto Hietsch. Frankfurt-on-Main. Peter Lang Publishers: 198-208.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1994. Reconstructing the past: written and spoken evidence of early New Zealand speech. New Zealand English Newsletter 8: 5-10.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1996. New Zealand English: Speech. In Wurm, Stephen A., Mühlhäusler, Peter and Tryon, Darrell T. (eds). Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas. Berlin and New York, Mouton de Gruyter. Vol. II.1: 153-157.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1998a. Anythink or nothink: a lazy variant or an ancient treasure? New Zealand English Journal 12: 25-33.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1998b. Embryonic variants in New Zealand English sound changes. Te Reo 41: 62-68.

Gordon, Elizabeth, Lyle Campbell, Jennifer Hay, Margaret Maclagan, Andrea Sudbury, Peter Trudgill. 2004. New Zealand English: its origins and evolution. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Gordon, Elizabeth and Margaret A. Maclagan. 1985. A study of the /iə/ - /eə/ contrast in New Zealand English. The New Zealand Speech-Language Therapists’ Journal 40.2: 16-26.

Gordon, Elizabeth and Margaret A. Maclagan. 1989. Beer and bear, cheer and chair: a longitudinal study of the ear/air contrast in New Zealand English. Australian Journal of Linguistics 9: 203-220.

Gordon, Elizabeth and Margaret A. Maclagan. 1990. A longitudinal study of the ear/air contrast in New Zealand speech. In Bell, Allan and Janet Holmes (eds). New Zealand ways of speaking English. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters; and Wellington, Victoria University Press: 129-148.

Gordon Elizabeth and Margaret A. Maclagan. 2001. ‘Capturing a sound change’: a real time study over 15 years of the NEAR/SQUARE merger in New Zealand English. Australian Journal of Linguistics 21: 215-238.

Gordon, Elizabeth and Margaret A. Maclagan 2004. Regional and social differences in New Zealand: phonology. In Bernd Kortman & Edgar W. Schneider (eds). A Handbook of Varieties of English, vol 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter: 603-613.

Gordon, Elizabeth and Peter Trudgill. 1999. Shades of things to come: embryonic variants in New Zealand English sound changes. English World-Wide 20.1: 111-124.

Gordon, Elizabeth and Trudgill, P. 2004. The English input to New Zealand in R. Hickey (ed.) The legacy of colonial English: a study of transported dialects Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 440-455.

Haggo, D.C. 1984. Transcribing New Zealand English vowels. Te Reo 27: 63-67.

Hawkins, P.R. 1973. A phonemic transcription system for New Zealand English. Te Reo 16:15–21.

Hawkins, P.R. 1973. The sound patterns of New Zealand English. Proceedings of the 15th AULLA conference. Sydney. 13.1-13.8.

Hawkins, P.R. 1975. The New Zealand accent and its role in the analysis of some phonological problems of English.

Hawkins, P.R. 1976. The role of NZ English in a binary feature analysis of English short vowels. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 6.2: 50-66.

Hawkins, P.R. 1978. The pronunciation of English in New Zealand. set 78 (research information for teachers): number 1, item 5. Wellington. New Zealand Council for Educational Research.

Hay, Jen and Paul Warren. 2002. Experiments on /r/ -intrusion. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 14: 47-58.

Holmes, Janet. 1994. New Zealand flappers: an analysis of T voicing in a sample of New Zealand English. English World-Wide 15.2: 195-224.

Holmes, Janet. 1995. Glottal stops in New Zealand English: an analysis of variants of word–final /t/. Linguistics 33.3: 433-463.

Holmes, Janet. 1995. Three chairs for New Zealand English. English Today 43 11.3: 14-18.

Holmes, Janet. 1995. Time for /t/: initial /t/ in New Zealand English. Australian Journal of Linguistics 15: 127-156.

Holmes, Janet. 1995. Two for /t/: flapping and glottal stops in New Zealand English. Te Reo 38: 53-72.

Holmes, Janet. 1996. Losing voice: is final /z/ devoicing a feature of Maori English? World Englishes 15.2: 193-205.

Holmes, Janet. 1997. Maori and Pakeha English: some New Zealand social dialect data. Language in Society 26: 65-101.

Holmes, Janet. 1997. Setting new standards: sound changes and gender in New Zealand English. English World-Wide 18.1: 107-142.

Holmes, Janet. 1997. T-time in New Zealand. English Today 51 13.3: 18-22.

Holmes, Janet and Allan Bell. 1988. Learning by experience: notes for New Zealand social dialectologists. Te Reo 31: 19-49.

Holmes, Janet and Allan Bell. 1992. On shear markets and sharing sheep: the merger of EAR and AIR diphthongs in New Zealand English. Language Variation and Change 4: 251-273.

Holmes, Janet and Allan Bell. 1994. Consonant cluster reduction in New Zealand English. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 6: 56-82.

Holmes, Janet, Allan Bell and Mary Boyce. 1991. Variation and change in New Zealand English: a social dialect investigation. Project report to the Social Sciences Committee of the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. Wellington. Victoria University of Wellington.

Kelly, L.G. 1966. The phonemes of New Zealand English. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 11:2. 79-82.

King, Jeanette. 1993. Maori English: a phonological study. New Zealand English Newsletter 7: 33-47.

Langstrof, Christian. 2003. The short front vowels in NZE in the intermediate period. New Zealand English Journal 17: 4-16.

Langstrof, Christian 2004. The centring diphthongs of New Zealand English in the intermediate period. Proceedings of the Tenth Australian International Conference on Speech Science & Technology, 207-212.

Lawrence, Wayne P. 1993. Vowel length in a New Zealand English dialect. In In Honor of Tokuichiro Matsuda. Tokyo, Kenkyusha. Iwasaki Linguistic Circle: 148-161.

Leek, Robert-H. 1987. The phonology of New Zealand English. New Zealand English Newsletter 1: 6-7.

Leek, Robert-H and Donn Bayard. 1995. Yankisms in Kiwiland, from zed to zee: American lexical and pronunciation incursions in Dunedin (1984-1985) and Auckland (1990). Te Reo 38: 105-125.

Lewis, Gillian. 1996. The Origins of New Zealand English: a report on work in progress. New Zealand English Journal 10: 25-30.

McKenzie, Jayne. 2005. “But he’s not supposed to see me in my weeding dress!”: The relationship between DRESS and FLEECE in modern New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 19: 13-25.

Maclagan, David. 1998. /h/-dropping in early New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 12: 34-42.

Maclagan, Margaret A. 1982. An acoustic study of New Zealand vowels. The New Zealand Speech Therapists’ Journal 37.1: 20-26.

Maclagan, Margaret A. 1987. Experimental approaches to New Zealand phonetics. New Zealand English Newsletter 1: 8.

Maclagan, Margaret A. 1998a. Diphthongisation of /e/ in NZE: a change that went nowhere? New Zealand English Journal 12: 43-54.

Maclagan, Margaret A. 1998b. Women and language change in NZE: the case for considering individual as well as group data. Te Reo 41: 69-79.

Maclagan, Margaret A. and Elizabeth Gordon. 1995. The changing sound of New Zealand English. The New Zealand Speech-Language Therapists’ Journal 50: 32-40.

Maclagan, Margaret A. and Elizabeth Gordon. 1996a. Out of the AIR and into the EAR: another view of the New Zealand diphthong merger. Language Variation and Change 8.1: 125-147.

Maclagan, Margaret A. and Elizabeth Gordon. 1996b. Women’s role in sound change: the case of two New Zealand closing diphthongs. New Zealand English Journal 10: 5-9.

Maclagan, Margaret A. and Elizabeth Gordon. 1998. How grown grew from one syllable to two. Australian Journal of Linguistics. 18.1: 5-28.

Maclagan, Margaret A. and Elizabeth Gordon. 2000. The NEAR/SQUARE merger in New Zealand English. Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, language and Hearing 5: 201-207.

Maclagan, Margaret A. & Gordon, Elizabeth. 2004. The story of New Zealand English: what the ONZE project tells us. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 24(1): 41-56.

Maclagan, Margaret & Gordon, Elizabeth. 2005. Regional and Social differences in NZ Phonology. Mouton Handbook of Varieties of English ed. Bernd Kortmann, Elizabeth Traugott, & Jürgen Handke. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter.

Maclagan, Margaret A., Elizabeth Gordon and Gillian Lewis. 1999. Women and sound change: conservative and innovative behavior by the same speakers. Language Variation and Change 11.1: 19-41.

Maclagan, Margaret A., and Jen Hay. 2004. The rise and rise of NZE DRESS. Proceedings of the 10th Australian International conference on Speech Science and Technology: 183-188. Sydney, December, 2004.

Maclagan, Margaret A, Jeanette King and Irfon Jones. 19??. Devoiced final /z/ in Maori English. New Zealand English Journal 17: 17-27.

Matthews, R.J.H. 1981. The second Great Vowel Shift? Journal of the International Phonetic Association 11.1: 22-26.

McKenzie, Jayne. 2005. “But he’s not supposed to see me in my weeding dress!”: the relationship between DRESS and FLEECE in modern New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 19: 13-25.

Mcrobbie-Utasi, Zitta and Donna Starks. 2002. The KIT vowel in New Zealand English: Implications of variation in the speech of an interviewer in rapid surveys. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Canadian Linguistics Association, pp. 145-156. Quebec.

Mcrobbie-Utasi, Zita and Donna Starks. 2003. Phonetic realizations of the New Zealand KIT vowel in relation to two social variables. Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Barcelona.

Rae, Megan and Paul Warren. 2002. Goldilocks and the three beers: sound merger and word recognition in NZE. New Zealand English Journal 16: 33-41.

Rae, Megan and Paul Warren. 2002. The asymmetrical change in process of NEAR and SQUARE vowels in NZE: psycholinguistic evidence. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 14: 33-46.

Robertson, Shelley. 1996. Maori English and the bus-driving listener: a study of ethnic identification and phonetic cues. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 8: 54-69.

Scott, Matthew. 1992. An assimilatory neutralization in New Zealand English. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 4: 60-76.

Starks, Donna. 1998. An alternative type of rapid and anonymous survey. Papers in Sociolinguistics, NWAVE 26 a l'Universite Laval. (ed. Claude Paradis et. al). Quebec: Nota Bene.

Starks, Donna. 2000a. Distinct, but not too distinct: Gender and ethnicity as determinants of (s) fronting in four Auckland communities. English World-Wide 21.2: 291-304.

Starks, Donna. 2000b. NZE short front vowels in contact situations: a comparison of non-mixers, dialect experiencers and interlopers. New Zealand English Journal 14: 48-54.

Starks, Donna and Scott Allan. 2003. What comes before t: why Auckland students have trouble with alveolars. Journal of English Linguistics 31(3): 273-180

Starks, Donna and Donn Bayard. 2002. Individual variation in the acquisition of post-vocalic /r/: daycare and sibling order as potential variables. American Speech 77: 184-194.

Starks, Donna and Hayley Reffell. 2005. Pronouncing your Rs in New Zealand English?: A study of Pasifika and Maori students. New Zealand English Journal 19: 36-48.

Starks, Donna and Hayley Reffell. 2006. Reading TH: vernacular variants in Pasifika Englishes in South Auckland. Journal of Sociolinguistics 10/3: 378-388.

Taylor, Ben. 1996. Gay men, femininity and /t/ in New Zealand English. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 8: 70-92.

Taylor, Ben. 1998. Exploring the "gay accent": Features of the speech of gay men in Wellington". MA thesis, Victoria University of Wellington.

Thomas, Brynmor. 2003. A study of the /el/ - /ael/ merger in New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 17: 28-44.

Warren, Paul & Laurie Bauer. 2004. Maori English: phonology: In Bernd Kortman & Edgar W. Schneider (eds), A Handbook of Varieties of English, Vol 1. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter: 614-624.

Warren, Paul. 2006. Oops, I’ve done a futt: Quality and quantity in New Zealand vowel contrast. Te Reo 49: 125-143.

Watson, C., Margaret A. Maclagan, and J. Harrington. 1998. Acoustic evidence for vowel change in New Zealand English. Paper presented at Laboratory Phonology VI, York.

Watson, C., Margaret A. Maclagan, and J. Harrington. 2000. Acoustic evidence for vowel change in New Zealand English. Language Variation and Change 12: 51-68.

Watson, C., S. Palethorpe & J. Harrington 2004. Capturing the vowel change in New Zealand English over a thirty year period via a diachronic study. Proceedings of the Tenth Australian International Conference on Speech Science & Technology, 201-206.

Wood, Elizabeth. 2003. TH-fronting: the substitution of f/v for -/- in New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 17: 50-56.

Woods, Nicola J. 2000a. Archaism and innovation in New Zealand English. English World-Wide 21.1: 109-150.

Woods, Nicola J. 2000b. New Zealand English across the generations: an analysis of selected vowel and consonant variables. In Bell and Kuiper (eds). New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins: 84-110.

Pragmatics

Anderson, L. & R. Aitken. 1965. A study of the speech and idiom of Maori children in the Western Bay of Plenty. New Zealand Council for Educational Research. Mount Maunganui College and Auckland Post-Primary Teachers’ College.

Grant, Lynn. 2005. Giving or signalling opinions – Corpus and newspaper evidence. New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics 11, 1: 43 – 64. (Draws on data from the Wellington corpora as well as the British National Corpus)

Hay, Jennifer. 1995. ‘Only teasing’. New Zealand English Newsletter 9: 32-35.

Holmes, Janet. 1985. Sex differences and mis-communication: some data from New Zealand. In John B. Pride (ed.). Cross-cultural Encounters: Communication and Mis-communication. Melbourne, River Seine Publications: 24-43.

Holmes, Janet. 1986. Compliments and compliment responses in New Zealand English. Anthropological Linguistics 28.4: 485-508.

Holmes, Janet. 1987. Hedging, fencing, and other conversational gambits: an analysis of gender differences in New Zealand speech. In Pauwels (ed.). Women and language in Australian and New Zealand society. Sydney, Australian Professional Publications: 59-79.

Holmes, Janet. 1988. Of course: a pragmatic particle in New Zealand women’s and men’s speech. Australian Journal of Linguistics 8.1: 49-74.

Holmes, Janet. 1989. Sort of in New Zealand women’s and men’s speech. Studia Linguistica 42.2: 85-121.

Holmes, Janet. 1990a. Hedges and boosters in New Zealand women’s and men’s speech. Language and Communication 10.3: 185-205.

Holmes, Janet. 1990b. Politeness strategies in New Zealand women’s speech. In Bell and Holmes (eds): 252-275.

Holmes, Janet. 1998. Apologies in New Zealand English. In Jenny Cheshire and Peter Trudgill (eds). The Sociolinguistics Reader. London. Edward Arnold. 201-239. (Reprint of an earlier Language in Society paper)

Holmes, Janet and Maria Stubbe. 1995. You know, eh and other ‘exasperating expressions’: an analysis of social and stylistic variation in the use of pragmatic devices in a sample of New Zealand English. Language and Communication 15: 63-88.

Johnston, Lorraine & Shelley Robertson. 1993. ‘Hey, yous!’: the Maori-NZE interface in sociolinguistic rules of address. Te Reo 36: 115-127.

Meyerhoff, Miriam. 1992. ‘We’ve all got to go one day, eh?’: powerlessness and solidarity in the function of a New Zealand tag. In Kira Hall, Mary Bucholtz and Birch Moonwomon (eds). Locating Power: Proceedings of the Second Berkeley Women and Language Conference, Vol. 2. Berkeley. Berkeley Women and Language Group, University of California, Berkeley: 409-419.

Schnurr, Stephanie, Meredith Marra and Janet Holmes. 2007. Being (im)polite in New Zealand workplaces: Māori and Pākehā leaders. Journal of Pragmatics 39: 712-729.

Stubbe, Maria. 1999. Research report: Maori and Pakeha use of selected pragmatic devices in a sample of New Zealand English. Te Reo 42: 39-53.

Prosody

Ainsworth, Helen. 1993. Rhythm in New Zealand English. Unpublished BA (Honours) Dissertation, Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington.

Ainsworth, Helen. 1994. The emergence of the High Rising Terminal contour in the speech of New Zealand children. Te Reo, 37, 3-20.

Ainsworth, Helen. 2003. How she says it and how he says it - differences in the intonation of dairy farming women and men in South Taranaki. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics, 15, 1-15.

Ainsworth, Helen. 2004. Regional Variation in New Zealand English Intonation: Taranaki versus Wellington. Unpublished PhD, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington.

Allan, W. Scott. 1990. The rise of New Zealand intonation. In Allen Bell and Janet Holmes (eds), New Zealand Ways of Speaking English. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, and Wellington, Victoria University Press ,115-128.

Britain, David. (n.d.). A pragmatic analysis of the use of high rising terminals in New Zealand English. Unpublished manuscript.

Britain, David. 1992. Linguistic change in intonation: the use of HR terminals in New Zealand English, Language Variation and Change 4, 77-104.

Britain, David . 1998a. Linguistic Change in Intonation: the use of High Rising Terminals in New Zealand English. In P Trudgill and J Cheshire (eds.) The Sociolinguistics Reader: Volume 1: Multilingualism and Variation. London: Arnold. 213-239.

Britain, David . 1998b. High Rising Terminals in New Zealand English: Who uses them, when and why? Essex Research Reports in Linguistics 21: 33-58.

Britain, David and John Newman. 1992. High rising terminals in New Zealand English, Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22(1/2), 1-11.

Daly, Nicola and Paul Warren. 2001. Pitching it differently in New Zealand English: speaker sex and intonation patterns, Journal of Sociolinguistics 5(1), 85-96.

Fletcher, Janet, Esther Grabe and Paul Warren. 2004. Intonational variation in four dialects of English: the high rising tone. In Sun-Ah Jun (ed.) Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 390-409.

Holmes, Janet and Helen Ainsworth. 1996. Syllable-timing and Maori English. Te Reo 39: 75-84.

Holmes, Janet and Helen Ainsworth. 1997. Unpacking the research process: investigating syllable-timing in New Zealand English. Language Awareness 6(1): 32-47.

Kaiser, J., Munrow, A., Pidwell, R., Tubby, J., & White, J. 1987. Final high-rising tones in declarative utterances (Unpublished research project). Auckland: University of Auckland.

Meyerhoff, Miriam. 1991. Grounding and overcoming obstacles: the positive politeness motivations of High Rise terminals.Unpublished manuscript, Wellington.

Robb, M.P., M Maclagan and Y Chen. 2004. Speaking Rates of American and New Zealand Varieties of English. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 18(1):1-15.

Vermillion, Patricia. 2003. The Ups and Downs of Kiwis: An experiment investigating tonal cues which are used to identify NZE intonation, Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 15, 17-30.

Vermillion, Patricia. 2004. Using Prosodic Completion Tasks to explore the Phonetics and Phonology of Intonation. In S. Cassidy, F. Cox & R. Mannell (Eds.), Proceedings of the Tenth Australian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology (pp. 415-419). Macquarie University, Sydney.

Vermillion, Patricia. 2006. The meaning of New Zealand intonation: An experimental investigation of forms and contrasts. Unpublished PhD thesis submitted for examination Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.

Warren, Paul 1998. Timing patterns in New Zealand English rhythm, Te Reo 41, 80-93.

Warren, Paul 1999. Timing properties of New Zealand English rhythm, Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, San Francisco, 1843-1848.

Warren, Paul 2005a. Patterns of late rising in New Zealand: intonational variation or intonational change?, Language Variation and Change 17 (2), 209-230.

Warren, Paul 2005b. Issues in the study of intonation in language varieties, Language and Speech 48(4), 345-358.

Warren, Paul and David Britain. 2000. Intonation and Prosody in New Zealand English. In Allan Bell and Koenraad Kuiper (eds), Varieties of English around the World: New Zealand English. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 146-172.

Warren, Paul and David Britain. 2000. Intonation and prosody in New Zealand English. In Bell and Kuiper (eds). New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/ Philadelphia, John Benjamins: 146-172.

Warren, Paul and Nicola Daly. 2000. Sex as a factor in rises in New Zealand English. In J. Holmes (ed), Gendered Speech in Social Context: Perspectives from Gown and Town. Wellington: Victoria University Press, 99-115.

Warren, Paul and Nicola Daly. 2005. Characterizing New Zealand English Intonation: broad and narrow analysis. In Allan Bell, Ray Harlow & Donna Starks (eds) Languages of New Zealand. Wellington: Victoria University Press, 217-237.

Zwartz, Joel. 2002. Lateness of rise as a factor in listener interpretation of HRTs. Unpublished Honours paper, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.

Zwartz, Joel and Paul Warren. 2003. This is a statement? Lateness of rise as a factor in listener interpretation of HRTs, Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 15, 51-62.

Vocabulary

Adams Smith, Diana. 1993. Teenage slang in New Zealand. New Zealand English Newsletter 7: 25-28.

Algeo, John. 1992. New Zealand English and the dictionary. In Claudia Blank (ed.), Language and civilization: a concerted profusion of essays and studies in honour of Otto Hietsch. Frankfurt-on-Main, Peter Lang Publishers: 209-219.

Andersen, Johannes C. 1934. Place-names in New Zealand: rules of nomenclature and list of names approved, or changed, or expunged, by the Honorary Geographic Board of New Zealand. Wellington, The Polynesian Society (Inc.).

Andersen, Johannes C. 1946. Maori words incorporated into the English language. Journal of the Polynesian society 55.2: 141-162.

Anderson, L. & R. Aitken. 1965. A study of the speech and idiom of Maori children in the Western Bay of Plenty. New Zealand Council for Educational Research. Mount Maunganui College and Auckland Post-Primary Teachers’ College.

Baker, Sidney J. 1941. New Zealand slang: a dictionary of colloquialisms. Christchurch, Whitcombe and Tombs.

Baker, Sidney J. 1945. Origins of the words pakeha and maori. Journal of the Polynesian Society 54.4: 223-231.

Bardsley, Dianne. 2001a. On first looking into Kiwi rural speak. NZWords 5: 1‑3.

Bardsley, Dianne. 2001b. Keeping company in the country: collocations, compounds and phrasal verbs in the rural lexicon. New Zealand English Journal 15: 20-28.

Bardsley, Dianne. 2001c. The changing world of words: in search of hand-me-down remnants of ancient mutterings. English in Aotearoa 43: 8-13.

Bardsley, Dianne. 2003a. Some words from the Bay. NZWords 7:4.

Bardsley, Dianne. 2003b. Some examples of semantic shift in the husbandry of sheep. NZWords 7:6.

Bardsley, Dianne 2004. Naming rites. NZWords 8: 7.

Bardsley, Dianne. 2006. A Specialist Study in New Zealand English Lexis: The Rural Sector. International Journal of Lexicography 19, 1: 41 – 72.

Bardsley, Dianne. 2006. Would the Real Southern Man Please Stand up? NZWords 10: 5 – 6.

Bardsley, Dianne. 2007. A Lexicographical Wallscape. NZWords 11: 1-2.

Barham, I. H. 1965. The English vocabulary and sentence structure of Maori children. Wellington, New Zealand Council for Educational Research. (Educational Research Series, no. 43.)

Bartlett, Maria. 2002. Utu: a bit of give and take? NZWords 6: 6-7.

Bauer, Laurie. 1980. Something old, something new, something borrowed: an essay on loanwords. In David Norton & Roger Robinson (eds). Views of English 2: Victoria University of Wellington essays for English teachers and students. Wellington. Department of English, Victoria University of Wellington: 19‑27 (esp. 24-27).

Bauer, Laurie. 1984. Perspectives on words. Views of English 3. Wellington. Department of English, Victoria University of Wellington. (esp. 78-82, Ch.10, ‘What is a New Zealand word?’)

Bauer, Laurie. 1999. A note on rhyming slang in New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 13: 5-7.

Bauer, Laurie and Winifred Bauer. 2000a. Creeping games. Play and Folklore Nr. 38: 1-5.

Bauer, Laurie and Winifred Bauer. 2002b. Anyone for Marbles? NZWords 6: 8.

Bauer Laurie and Winifred Bauer. 2003. Some words from the playground. NZWords 7: 7-8.

Bayard, Donn and Sateesh Krishnayya. 2001. Gender, expletive use and context: male and female expletive use in structured and unstructured conversation among New Zealand university students. Women and Language 24: 1-15.

Bayard, Donn and Carolyn Young. 2002. Ethnic labeling in the Otago Press, 1860-1995. New Zealand English Journal 16: 18-23.

Beattie, J. Herries. 1947. Early runholding in Otago. Dunedin. Otago Daily Times & Witness Newspapers Co. Ltd. (‘Our legacy from Australia’ 10-11; ‘Using the right expressions’: 11-12; ‘A limited vocabulary’: 12-13.)

Bellett, Donna. 1995. Hakas, hangis and kiwis: Maµori lexical influence on New Zealand English. Te Reo 38: 73-103.

Bishop, Russel. 2001. New Metaphors for power sharing in education. English in Aotearoa 43: 28-32.

Bunting, Jan. 2006. Rocks Rock: Digging words from newsletters of the Geological Society of New Zealand. NZWords 10: 1 – 2.

Burchfield, Robert W. 1988. Some unedited New Zealand words. In T.L. Burton & Jill Burton (eds). Lexicographical and linguistic studies: essays in honour of G.W. Turner. Cambridge, D.S. Brewer: 185-197.

Burchfield, Robert W. 1989. A northern New Zealand newspaper. English Today 17:

34-37.

Cameron, Jim. 1999. New Zealand English at Law. NZWords 2.1: 1-2.

Connor, Cherie. 2006. Sea Words: A Historical Study from New Zealand. Australian Style: 1-2.

Connor, Cherie. 2006. The slippery business of naming fish in New Zealand waters. New Zealand English Journal, 20: 9-16.

Connor, Cherie. 2006. Trawling the Sea of Change. NZWords 10: 3 – 4.

Davies, Carolyn and Margaret Maclagan. 2006. Maori words – Read all about it: testing the presence of 13 Maori words in four New Zealand newspapers from 1997 to 2004. Te Reo 49: 73 – 99.

de Bres, Julia. 2006. Maori lexical items in the mainstream television news in New Zealand. New Zealand English Journal, 20: 17-34.

Deverson, Tony. 1981. New Zealand words and usages. In A.J. Deverson & K. Kuiper, Guidance notes on vocabulary change. Sixth and Seventh Form English: Bulletin no. 60. Form Seven English: Supplement no. 10. Wellington. Department of Education. D.254-D.267.

Deverson, Tony. 1990. Maori and Pakeha updated: cultural sensitivity and the Heinemann New Zealand Dictionary. English in Aotearoa 13: 36-42.

Deverson, Tony. 1991. New Zealand English lexis: the Maori dimension. English Today 26: 18-25.

Deverson, Tony. 1996. New Zealand English lexis. In Wurm, Stephen A., Mühlhäusler, Peter and Tryon, Darrell T. (eds). Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas. Berlin and New York, Mouton de Gruyter. Vol. II.1: 159-165.

Deverson, Tony. 1999. Sporting new labels. NZWords 2.1: 5.

Deverson, Tony. 2000. From Staten Landt to Aotearoa New Zealand: the naming of ‘Pacific’s Triple Star’. NZWords 4: 1-3.

Deverson, Tony. 2001. Canterbury words: language under the nor’west arch. NZWords 5: 5-7.

Deverson, Tony. 2001. New Zealand, New Zealand English, and the dictionaries. In Bruce Moore (ed.), Who’s centric now? The present state of post-colonial Englishes. Melbourne, Oxford University Press: 23-43.

Deverson, Tony. 2007. Kiwi Lollies: Sweet As. NZWords 11: 3-5.

Geering, Elaine. 1993. The use of Maori in the late nineteenth-century Auckland press. In Laurie Bauer & Christine Franzen (eds). Of Pavlova, Poetry and Paradigms: Essays in Honour of Harry Orsman. Wellington. Victoria University Press: 250-260.

Gibbs, Helen M. 1994. ‘To lux or to vacuum?’ - accommodation of Southland dialect speakers in a New Zealand English environment. New Zealand English Newsletter 8: 18-21.

Gordon, Ian A. 1988. British regional survivals in New Zealand English. In T.L. Burton & Jill Burton (eds). Lexicographical and linguistic studies: essays in honour of G.W. Turner. Cambridge, D.S. Brewer. 179-184. Reprinted in New Zealand English Newsletter 3 (1989): 5-8.

Gray, Douglas. 1983. Captain Cook and the English vocabulary. In E.G. Stanley and Douglas Gray (eds). Five hundred years of words and sounds: a festschrift for Eric Dobson. Cambridge, D.S. Brewer: 49-62.

Harper, Melissa. 1993. The language of New Zealand First World War diaries. In Laurie Bauer & Christine Franzen (eds). Of Pavlova, Poetry and Paradigms: Essays in honour of Harry Orsman. Wellington, Victoria University Press: 243-249.

Hirsh, Walter. 1989. New Zealand English - alive and very well! (Te reo Paµkehaµ o Aotearoa - kei te tino ora!). Auckland, Office of the Race Relations Conciliator.

Holmes, Janet. 1993a. Chairpersons and goddesses: non-sexist usages in New Zealand English. Te Reo 36: 99-113.

Holmes, Janet. 1993b. He-man beings, poetesses, and tramps: sexist language in New Zealand. In Laurie Bauer & Christine Franzen (eds). Of Pavlova, Poetry and Paradigms: Essays in Honour of Harry Orsman. Wellington, Victoria University Press: 34-49.

Hurley, Desmond. 2000. The dump of words. New Zealand English Journal 14: 34-40.

Hurley, Desmond. 2001. Following on from Orsman’s dictionary. 43: 32, 53-58.

Hurley, Desmond. 2003a. The end of the golden weather. NZWords 7: 2-3.

Hurley, Desmond. 2003b. Tiki-touring: a Cook’s tour around an expression. NZWords 7: 5.

Hurley, Desmond. 2006. Poozling Part II. NZWords 10: 6.

Hurley, Desmond. 2007. Premier Words. NZWords 11: 7-8.

Ivory, Arthur. 1982. Pacific index of abbreviations (and acronyms in common use in the Pacific Basin area). Christchurch, Whitcoulls.

Kennedy, Graeme. 1999. New Zealand words and meanings. New Zealand English Journal 13: 13.

Kennedy, Graeme. 2001. Lexical borrowing from Maori in New Zealand English. In Bruce Moore (ed.). Who’s centric now? The present state of post-colonial Englishes. Melbourne, Oxford University Press: 59-81.

Kennedy, Graeme. 2006. New Zealand Lexicography. In Keith Brown (ed) Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2nd edition). Oxford. Elsevier.

Kennedy, Graeme and Shunji Yamazaki. 1999. The influence of Maori on the New Zealand English lexicon. In Kirk, John M. (ed.). Corpora Galore: analyses and techniques in describing English. Amsterdam, Rodopi: 33-44.

Kolstad, Sheila. 1999. ‘Snib’ - a New Zealand word. NZWords 2.2: 5.

Kuiper, Koenraad. 1988. Some notes on the universal expletive in New Zealand English. New Zealand English Newsletter 2: 26-27.

Kuiper, Koenraad. 1994. A short dictionary of livestock auctioneering formulae collected at North Canterbury livestock auctions. New Zealand English Newsletter 8: 11-17.

Laytham, Pamela, Erik Laytham & Carole Worley. 1993. Form 7 English Revision. Auckland, ESA Publications. (Case study: The development of New Zealand words and usages: 407‑423.)

Leek, Robert, H. 1997. New English speakers, the lexicon and socialisation. New Zealand English Journal 11: 37-45.

Leek, Robert, H and Donn Bayard. 1995. Yankisms in Kiwiland, from zed to zee: American lexical and pronunciation incursions in Dunedin (1984-1985) and Auckland (1990). Te Reo 38: 105-125.

Looser, Diana. 1997. Bonds and barriers: a study of language in a New Zealand prison. New Zealand English Journal 11: 46-54.

Looser, Diana. 1999a. ‘Boob jargon’: the language of a women’s prison. New Zealand English Journal 13: 14-37.

Looser, Diana. 1999b. Investigating boobslang. NZWords 2.2: 1-3.

Looser, Diana. 2000. Boobslang and Kiwi culture: the oral communication of New Zealand prison inmates. Rostra 34.

Macalister, John. 1999. Trends in New Zealand English: some observations on the presence of Maori words in the lexicon. New Zealand English Journal 13: 38-49.

Macalister, John. 2000. The changing use of Maori words in New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 14: 41-47.

Macalister, John. 2001. The transformation of the kiwi. English in Aotearoa 43: 20-22.

Macalister, John. 2002. Maori loanwords and New Zealand humour. NZWords 6: 3-4.

Macalister, John 2004. The Pacific presence in New Zealand English. NZWords 8: 4-6.

Macalister, John. 2006. Of Weka and Waiata: Familiarity with borrowings from te reo Maori. Te Reo 49: 101-124.

Macalister, John. 2006. The Maori presence in the New Zealand English lexicon, 1850 – 2000: Evidence from a corpus-based study. English World-Wide 27: 1, 1-24.

Macalister, John. 2006. We Are What We Eat: Expressing national identity through food and drink. NZWords 10: 7.

McDonald, Pete. 2006. Land rage: The rhetoric of the walking-access debate. NZWords 10: 11.

Meyerhoff, Miriam. 1993. Lexical shift in working class New Zealand English: variation in the use of lexical pairs. English World-Wide 14.2: 231-248.

Middleton, Stuart. 1989. A bit up in the air on slang. New Zealand English Newsletter 3: 20.

Ogilvie, Sarah. 2007. New Zealand and the OED. NZWords 11: 6-7.

Olsen, Stephen. 2007. Revisiting the ‘Interwar Years’ and the Wor(l)d of Austrazealand. NZWords 11: 11.

Orsman, Harry. 1980. Early New Zealand English vocabulary and the Australian connection (some data and notes). In David Norton & Roger Robinson (eds). Views of English 2: Victoria University of Wellington essays for English teachers and students. Wellington, Department of English, Victoria University of Wellington: 29-54.

Orsman, Harry. 1987. A New Zealand national dictionary. New Zealand English Newsletter 1: 10-11.

Orsman, Harry. 1995. The Dictionary of New Zealand English - a beginning and (almost) an end. New Zealand English Newsletter 9: 9-12.

Partridge, Eric. 1950. Slang today and yesterday. London, Routledge. (3rd ed.) (V. A glance at the colonial slangs: New Zealand: 285-288.)

Quigley, Katherine. 2005. Keeping company in the city: compounds in the lexicon of the New Zealand treasury. New Zealand English Journal 19: 26-35.

Quigley, Katherine. 2006. Coinings in the Treasury. In Marianna Kennedy, Stephanie Schnurr and Agnes Terraschke (eds), Proceedings of the 2nd International Postgraduate Conference in Linguistics and Literary Studies. Wellington. School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, pp. 93-104.

Ramson, W.S. 1983. The Macquarie Dictionary and New Zealand. The Macquarie Dictionary Society Newsletter. 2.1: 1-2.

Ramson, W.S. Of pavlova and such. In Laurie Bauer & Christine Franzen (eds). Of Pavlova, Poetry and Paradigms: Essays in Honour of Harry Orsman. Wellington, Victoria University Press: 16-23.

Smithyman, Kendrick. 1963. Early uses of creek in New Zealand English. Te Reo 6: 17-27.

Smithyman, Kendrick. 1966. An odd use of paddock. Te Reo 9: 52-56.

Smithyman, Kendrick. 1969. Claddie and bob. Te Reo 12: 91-94.

Smithyman, Kendrick. 1970. Supplejack. Te Reo 13: 23-25.

Smithyman, Kendrick. 1972. The ‘Huckery Mole’. Te Reo 15: 31-35.

Smithyman, Kendrick. 1973. The Auckland Scow. Te Reo 16: 9-14.

Smithyman, Kendrick. 1977. Three New Zealand lexical items. Te Reo 20: 83-94.

Smithyman, Kendrick. 1980. Review article: the Heinemann dictionaries. Te Reo 23: 81-113.

Turner, G.W. 1982. The flight of the kiwi. Verbatim 9.1:12

Turner, G.W. 1985. Of camels and tamarillos. Verbatim 12.2:11.

United States Army. Special Service Division, Army Service Forces. 1944. A short guide to New Zealand. Washington D.C. War and Navy Departments, U.S. Government Printing Office. (Cover title: a pocket guide to New Zealand.) (‘How they talk’:34-35; ‘Glossary of terms’: 35-37; ‘Slanguage’: 37-38; ‘Glossary of slang’: 38-39.)

Urdang, Laurence. 1995. Naming names: an examination of how places get their names, drawing its examples from the 18th-century voyages of Captain Cook in and around New Zealand. English Today 43 11.3: 19-22.

Vine, Bernadette. 1995. American English and Wanganui women’s speech. New Zealand English Newsletter 9: 23-26.

Vine, Bernadette. 1999. Americanisms in the New Zealand English lexicon. World Englishes 18: 13-22.

Wallace, Bill. 1989. A glossary of New Zealand blade-shearing terms. New Zealand English Newsletter 3: 21-29.

Social

Attitudes to NZE

Batterham, Margaret. 1993. Attitudes to New Zealand English. New Zealand English Newsletter 7: 5-2

Bayard, Donn. 1988. Variation in and attitudes toward New Zealand English: a quantitative approach. New Zealand English Newsletter 2: 13-16.

Bayard, Donn. 1989. ‘Me say that? No way!’: the social correlates of American lexical diffusion in New Zealand English. Te Reo 32: 17-60.

Bayard, Donn. 1990. ‘God help us if we all sound like this’: attitudes to New Zealand and other English accents. In Bell and Holmes (eds): New Zealand ways of speaking English. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters; and Wellington, Victoria University Press: 67-96.

Bayard, Donn. 1991a. Antipodean accents and the ‘cultural cringe’: New Zealand and American attitudes toward New Zealand English and other English accents. Te Reo 34: 15-52.

Bayard, Donn. 1991b. A taste of Kiwi: attitudes to accent, speaker gender, and perceived ethnicity across the Tasman. Australian Journal of Linguistics 11: 1-38.

Bayard, Donn. 1998. White turnips and mythical Moriori: combatting folk-linguistic and folk-anthropological myths in the popular press. New Zealand English Journal 12: 6-20.

Bayard, Donn. 2000. The cultural cringe revisited: changes through time in Kiwi attitudes towards accents. In Bell and Kuiper (eds). New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins: 297-324.

Bayard, Donn and Christopher Bartlett. 1996. ‘You must be from Gorre’: Attitudinal effects of Southland rhotic accents and speaker gender on NZE listeners and the question of NZE regional variation. Te Reo 39: 25-45.

Bayard, Donn and Kirk Sullivan. 2000. Perception of country of origin and social status of English speakers by Swedish and New Zealand listeners. In Antonis Botinis and Niklas Torstensson (eds), Proceedings of Fonetik 2000. Skovde: Hogskolan Skovde. Pp. 33-36.

Bayard, Donn, Ann Weatherall, Cynthia Gallois, and Jeffery Pittam. 2001. Pax Americana? Accent attitudinal evaluations in New Zealand, Australia and America. Journal of Sociolinguistics 5: 22-49.

Bell, Allan. 1982. This isn’t the BBC: colonialism in New Zealand English. Applied Linguistics 3.3: 246-258.

Boyce, M. 1992. "Mäori language in Porirua: a study of reported proficiency, patterns of use and attitudes." Unpublished MA thesis (Linguistics). Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington.

Boyce, Mary 2005. Attitudes to Māori. In Allan Bell, Ray Harlow and Donna Starks (eds.) Languages of New Zealand. Wellington: Victoria University Press: 86-110.

Brown, A., M. Cullinane, A. Reid and I. Vernon 1990. New Zealanders' attitudes to a bilingual society. A research report prepared for the Mäori Language Commission and Department of Mäori Studies, Massey University, July 1990.

Campbell, M. 1988. The life and death of minority languages: a study of language death and resuscitation and an assessment of the prospects of Mäori. Paper submitted as partial requirement for the award of a post-graduate Diploma in Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, University of Otago.

Campbell, M. 1990 Preliminary report on the Gisborne Mäori language attitude survey, 1989. Paper from the Department of Anthropology, University of Otago.

Deverson, Tony. 1990a. Considering Kiwi: a survey of teachers’ attitudes to New Zealand English. New Zealand English Newsletter 4: 10-15.

Deverson, Tony. 1990b. ‘Criticising New Zealand speech unkindly’: attitudes to New Zealand English. British Review of New Zealand Studies 3: 65-75.

Deverson, Tony. 1992. Harmonies and disharmonies in judgements of New Zealand speech. New Zealand English Newsletter 6: 21-26.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1983. The flood of impure vocalisation: a study of attitudes towards New Zealand speech. The New Zealand speech-language therapists’ journal 38:16-29.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1988. New Zealand English and the New Zealand Listener. New Zealand English Newsletter 2: 9-12.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1989. That colonial twang: New Zealand speech and New Zealand identity. In D. Novitz and W. Willmott (eds), Culture and identity in New Zealand. Wellington. Government Printer Books. 77-90.

Gordon, Elizabeth and Marcia Abell. 1990. ‘This objectionable colonial dialect’: historical and contemporary attitudes to New Zealand speech. In Bell and Holmes (eds): New Zealand ways of speaking English. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters; and Wellington, Victoria University Press: 21-48.

Gordon, Elizabeth and Tony Deverson. 1989. Finding a New Zealand voice: attitudes towards English used in New Zealand. Auckland, New House Publishers. (Review, and note on audiotape accompanying the book, in English in Aotearoa 11 (May 1990): 37-39; review by Richard Wakely in British Review of New Zealand Studies 4 (1991): 104-105.)

Gordon, Ian A. 1979. In praise of New Zealand English. Reader’s Digest. February 1979: 23‑26.

Gould, Philip 1972. “Assessment of status by accent.” Unpublished terms paper, Department of Linguistics. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington.

Harrison, J. 1975. “An experiment in testing for stereotyped attitudes.” Unpublished terms paper, Department of Linguistics. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington.

Holmes, Janet. 1974. Language attitude studies: potential uses in New Zealand. Kivung 2: 131‑146.

Holmes, Janet. 1979. Investigating subjective judgements of New Zealand English. Archivum Linguisticum 9.2: 123-134.

Holmes, Kelly 1999. “Stereotypes of Mäori: influence of speaker accent and appearance.” Unpublished MA thesis (Psychology). Dunedin: University of Otago.

Holmes, Kelly, Tamar Murachver and Donn Bayard. 2001. Accent, appearances and ethnic stereotypes in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Psychology 30: 79-86.

Huygens, Ingrid & Graham M. Vaughan. 1983. Language attitudes, ethnicity and social class in New Zealand. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 4: 207-223.

Lane, Chris 2003. Writing a language off: Anti-Māori argumentation in letters to New Zealand editors. In Phyllis M Ryan and Roland Terborg (eds.) Language: Issues of Inequality. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Enseñanza de Lenguas Extranjeras.

Nicholson, R. and R. Garland, 1991. “New Zealanders’ attitudes to the revitalisation of the Mäori language.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 12, 5: 393-410.

Ray, George B. and Christopher J. Zahn. 1999. Language attitudes and speech behaviour: New Zealand English and Standard American English. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 18: 310-319.

Robertson, Shelley 1994. Identifying Māori English: a study of ethnic identification, attitudes and phonetic features. Unpublished MA thesis. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington.

Robertson, Shelley. 1996b. Wellington busdrivers’ attitudes towards speakers of Maori and Pakeha New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 10: 35-39.

Ryan, J.S. 1973. The changing pattern of tolerance of Maori words in New Zealand English. Linguistic Communications 11: 98-144. (Revised version, ‘The tolerance of Maori in New Zealand English’, in Orbis (Louvain) 26.2 (1977): 341-370.

Thompson, Wendy. 1990. Attitudes to Maori and the use of Maori lexical items in English. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 1: 37-46.

Vaughan, G. and I. Huygens, 1990. Sociolinguistic stereotyping in New Zealand. In Allan Bell and Janet Holmes (eds.) New Zealand Ways of Speaking English. Wellington: Victoria University Press.

Watts, N. 1981. The attitudes of New Zealanders to speakers with foreign accents. Rostra 16: 3‑5.

Weatherall, Ann, Cynthia Gallois and Jeffery Pittam. 1998. Australasians identifying Australasian accents. Te Reo 41: 153-162.

Wilson, John and Donn Bayard. 1992. Accent, gender, and the elderly listener: evaluations of NZE and other English accents by rest home residents. Te Reo 35: 19-56.

Gender and NZE

Bayard, Donn and Sateesh Krishnayya. 2001. Gender, expletive use and context: male and female expletive use in structured and unstructured conversation among New Zealand university students. Women and Language 24: 1-15.

Hay, Jen. 1995. Gender and Humour: Beyond a Joke. Wellington, New Zealand: MA thesis, Victoria University of Wellington.

Holmes, Janet. 1985. Sex differences and mis-communication: some data from New Zealand. In John B. Pride (ed.), Cross-cultural Encounters: Communication and Mis-communication. Melbourne, River Seine Publications. 24-43.

Holmes, Janet. 1987. Hedging, fencing, and other conversational gambits: an analysis of gender differences in New Zealand speech. In Pauwels (ed.). Women and language in Australian and New Zealand society. Sydney, Australian Professional Publications: 59-79.

Holmes, Janet. 1988. Of course: a pragmatic particle in New Zealand women’s and men’s speech. Australian Journal of Linguistics 8.1: 49-74.

Holmes, Janet. 1989. Sort of in New Zealand women’s and men’s speech. Studia Linguistica 42.2: 85-121.

Holmes, Janet. 1989. Sex differences and apologies: one aspect of communicative competence. Applied Linguistics Vol. 10, no. 2:194 - 213. Reprinted in H. Douglas Brown and Susan T. Gonzo (eds) 1995. Readings on Second Language Acquisition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents. 362-383.

Holmes, Janet. 1990a. Hedges and boosters in New Zealand women’s and men’s speech. Language and Communication 10.3: 185-205.

Holmes, Janet. 1990b. New Zealand women’s ways of speaking. New Zealand English Newsletter 4: 5-9.

Holmes, Janet. 1990c. Politeness strategies in New Zealand women’s speech. In Bell and Holmes (eds). New Zealand Ways of Speaking English. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters; and Wellington, Victoria University Press: 252-275.

Holmes, Janet. 1992. Women's talk in public contexts. Discourse and Society 3, 2: 131-150.

Holmes, Janet. 1993. New Zealand women are good to talk to: an analysis of politeness strategies in interaction. Journal of Pragmatics 20, 2: 91-116.

Holmes, Janet. 1993. Chairpersons and goddesses: non-sexist usages in New Zealand English. Te Reo 36: 99-113.

Holmes, Janet. 1993. He-man beings, poetesses, and tramps: sexist language in New Zealand. In Laurie Bauer & Christine Franzen (eds). Of Pavlova, Poetry and Paradigms: Essays in Honour of Harry Orsman. Wellington, Victoria University Press. 34-49.

Holmes, Janet. 1993. Sex-marking suffixes in New Zealand written English. American Speech 68.4: 357-370.

Holmes, Janet. 1997. Setting new standards: sound changes and gender in New Zealand English. English World-Wide 18.1: 107-142.

Holmes, Janet. 1997. Story-telling in New Zealand women’s and men’s talk. In Ruth Wodak (ed.), Gender, Discourse and Ideology. London, Sage: 263-293.

Holmes, Janet 1999. Setting new standards: sound changes and gender in New Zealand.

Reprinted in Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre and Juan Manuel Hernandez-Campoy (eds) Variation and Linguistic Change in English: Diachronic and Synchronic Studies. Cuadernos de Filologia Inglesa 8. 1999. 147-175.

Holmes, Janet. 2000. Women at work: analysing women’s talk in New Zealand workplaces. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 22.2: 1-17.

Holmes, Janet. 2001. A corpus-based view of gender in New Zealand English. In Marlis Hellinger and Hadumod Bussman (eds) Gender across Languages. The Linguistic Representation of Women and Men. Vol.1 Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 115-136.

Holmes Janet and Nicola Daly. 2001. Language and gender research in New Zealand. New Zealand Sociology. Special issue: Sociolinguistics in New Zealand 16,1: 108-127

Holmes, Janet and Meredith Marra 2005. Communication in a diverse workplace: gender and identity. In Frank Sligo and Ralph Bathurst (eds) Communication in the New Zealand Workplace: Theory and Practice. Wellington: Software Technology New Zealand Ltd. 2005. 71-82.

Holmes, Janet and Maria Stubbe 1992 Women and men talking: gender-based patterns of interaction. In Suzann Olsson (ed.) The Gender Factor: Women in New Zealand Organizations. Palmerston North: The Dunmore Press. 149-63.

Holmes, Janet and Maria Stubbe. 1997. Good listeners: gender differences in New Zealand conversation. Women and Language 20: 7-14.

Kuiper, Koenraad. 1991. Sporting formulae in New Zealand English: two models of male solidarity. In Jenny Cheshire (ed.). English around the world: sociolinguistic perspectives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 200-209.

Maclagan, Margaret A. 1998. Women and language change in NZE: the case for considering individual as well as group data. Te Reo 41: 69-79.

Maclagan, Margaret A. 2000. How long have women been leading language change? In J. Holmes (ed.). Gendered Speech in Social Context: Perspectives from Gown and Town. Wellington, Victoria University Press: 87-98.

Maclagan, Margaret A. and Elizabeth Gordon. 1996. Women’s role in sound change: the case of two New Zealand closing diphthongs. New Zealand English Journal 10: 5-9.

Maclagan, Margaret A., Elizabeth Gordon and Gillian Lewis. 1999. Women and sound change: conservative and innovative behavior by the same speakers. Language Variation and Change 11.1: 19-41.

Marra, Meredith, Stephanie Schnurr, and Janet Holmes. Effective Leadership in New Zealand Workplaces: Balancing Gender and Role. In Judith Baxter (ed) Speaking Out: The Female Voice in Public Contexts. Basingstoke. Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 240-260.

Meyerhoff, Miriam. 1987. Language and sex: research in New Zealand. In Pauwels (ed.). Women and language in Australian and New Zealand society. Sydney, Australian Professional Publications: 32-44.

Pauwels, Anne. (ed.) 1987. Women and language in Australian and New Zealand society. Sydney, Australian Professional Publications.

Starks, Donna. 2000. Distinct, but not too distinct: Gender and ethnicity as determinants of (s) fronting in four Auckland communities. English World-Wide 21.2: 291-304.

Taylor, Ben. 1996. Gay men, femininity and /t/ in New Zealand English. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 8: 70-92.

Tither, Jacqueline M. 2000. Selling yourself and procuring another: investigating gender differences in NZ dating advertisements. New Zealand English Journal 14: 66-74.

Warren, Paul and Nicola Daly. 2000. Sex as a factor on rises in New Zealand English. In Janet Holmes (ed). Gendered Speech in a Social Context: Perspectives from Gown and Town. Wellington: Victoria University Press: 99-115.

Woods, Nicola J. 1997. The formation and development of New Zealand English: Interaction of gender-related variation and linguistic change. Journal of Sociolinguistics 1.1: 95-125.

Zanetti, Brenda. 1991. Towards a non-sexist language: a preliminary survey and analysis of singular they use in New Zealand English. New Zealand English Newsletter 5: 26-34.

Māori English

Anderson, L. & R. Aitken. 1965. A study of the speech and idiom of Maori children in the Western Bay of Plenty. New Zealand Council for Educational Research. Mount Maunganui College and Auckland Post-Primary Teachers’ College.

Barham, I. H. 1965. The English vocabulary and sentence structure of Maori children. Wellington. New Zealand Council for Educational Research. (Educational Research Series, no. 43.)

Bell, Allan. 2000. Maori and Pakeha English: a case study. In Bell and Kuiper (eds). New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/ Philadelphia, John Benjamins: 221-248.

Benton, Richard A. 1966. Research into the English Language Difficulties of Maori School Children 1963-1964. Wellington. Maori Education Foundation.

Benton, Richard A. 1978. The Sociolinguistic Survey of Language use in Maori Households. Wellington. New Zealand Council for Educational Research.

Benton, Richard A. 1985. Maori, English, and Maori English. In John B. Pride (ed.). Cross-cultural encounters: communication and mis-communication. Melbourne. River Seine Publications. 110-120.

Benton, Richard A. 1991. Maori English: a New Zealand myth? In Jenny Cheshire (ed.), English around the World: Sociolinguistic Perspectives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 187-199. Reprinted in New Zealand English Newsletter 6 (1992): 27-35.

Clark, Ross. 1990. Pidgin English and Pidgin Maori in New Zealand. In Bell and Holmes (eds). New Zealand ways of speaking English. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters; and Wellington, Victoria University Press: 97‑114.

Hawkins, P.R. 1972. Restricted codes and Maori English. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 7: 59-68.

Holmes, Janet. 1996. Losing voice: is final /z/ devoicing a feature of Maori English? World Englishes 15.2: 193-205.

Holmes, Janet. 1997. Maori and Pakeha English: some New Zealand social dialect data. Language in Society 26: 65-101.

Holmes, Janet and Helen Ainsworth. 1996. Syllable-timing and Maori English. Te Reo 39: 75-84.

Holmes, Janet and Allan Bell. 1996. Maori English. In Wurm, Stephen A., Mühlhäusler, Peter and Tryon, Darrell T. (eds). Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas. Berlin and New York, Mouton de Gruyter. Vol. II.1: 177-181.

Holmes, Janet, Allan Bell and Mary Boyce. 1991. Variation and change in New Zealand English: a social dialect investigation. Project report to the Social Sciences Committee of the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. Wellington, Victoria University of Wellington.

Jacob, Jenny. 1991. A grammatical comparison of the casual speech of Maori and Pakeha women in Levin. Te Reo 34: 53-70.

Johnston, Lorraine & Shelley Robertson. 1993. ‘Hey, yous!’: the Maori-NZE interface in sociolinguistic rules of address. Te Reo 36: 115-127.

King, Jeanette. 1993. Maori English: a phonological study. New Zealand English Newsletter 7: 33-47.

King, Jeanette. 1995. Maori English as a solidarity marker for te reo Maori. New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics 1: 51-59.

King, Jeanette. 1999. Talking bro: Māori English in the university setting. Te Reo 42: 19-38.

Macalister, John. 2001. Writing Maori English: voices in Pounamu, Pounamu. Kotare 4, 1: 46-54.

Maclagan, Margaret A, Jeanette King and Irfon Jones: Devoiced final /z/ in Maori English. New Zealand English Journal 17: 17-27.

Richards, J. 1970. The language factor in Maori schooling. In J. Ewing & J. Shallcrass (eds), An introduction to Maori education. Wellington, NZUP/Price Milburn: 122-132.

Robertson, Shelley 1994. Identifying Māori English: a study of ethnic identification, attitudes and phonetic features. Unpublished MA thesis. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington.

Robertson, Shelley. 1996a. Maori English and the bus-driving listener: a study of ethnic identification and phonetic cues. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 8: 54-69.

Robertson, Shelley. 1996b. Wellington busdrivers’ attitudes towards speakers of Maori and Pakeha New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 10: 35-39.

Salmond, Anne. 1974. ‘Maori English’ and the ‘Restricted Code’. Education 23.9: 21-22.

Starks, Donna and Hayley Reffell. 2005. Pronouncing your Rs in New Zealand English?: A study of Pasifika and Maori students. New Zealand English Journal 19: 36-48.

Stubbe, Maria. 1999. Research report: Maori and Pakeha use of selected pragmatic devices in a sample of New Zealand English. Te Reo 42: 39-53.

Stubbe, Maria and Janet Holmes. 2000. Talking Maori or Pakeha in English: signalling identity in discourse. In Bell and Kuiper (eds). New Zealand English. Wellington, Victoria University Press; and Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins: 249-278.

Warren, Paul & Laurie Bauer. 2004. Maori English: phonology: In Bernd Kortman & Edgar W. Schneider (eds), A Handbook of Varieties of English, Vol 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 614-624.

Māori in English

Andersen, Johannes C. 1946. Maori words incorporated into the English language. Journal of the Polynesian society. 55.2: 141-162.

Baker, Sidney J. 1945. Origins of the words pakeha and maori. Journal of the Polynesian Society 54.4: 223-231.

Bartlett, Maria. 2002. Utu: a bit of give and take? NZWords 6: 6-7.

Bauer, Winifred. 1995. The use of Maori words in English (Languages in Contact II). New Zealand Studies 5.2: 19-24.

Bellett, Donna. 1995. Hakas, hangis and kiwis: Maµori lexical influence on New Zealand English. Te Reo 38: 73-103.

Benton, Richard A. 1985. Maori, English, and Maori English. In John B. Pride (ed.), Cross-cultural encounters: communication and mis-communication. Melbourne. River Seine Publications: 110-120.

Clark, Ross. 1990. Pidgin English and Pidgin Maori in New Zealand. In Bell and Holmes (eds). New Zealand ways of speaking English. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters; and Wellington, Victoria University Press: 97‑114.

Davies, Carolyn and Margaret Maclagan. 2006. Maori words – Read all about it: testing the presence of 13 Maori words in four New Zealand newspapers from 1997 to 2004. Te Reo 49: 73 – 99.

de Bres, Julia. 2006. Maori lexical items in the mainstream television news in New Zealand. New Zealand English Journal, 20: 17-34.

Deverson, Tony. 1985. ‘Home Loans’: Maori input into current New Zealand English. English in New Zealand 33:4-10.

Deverson, Tony. 1988. The pronunciation of Maori words in New Zealand English. In Occasional Papers in Language and Linguistics. Christchurch, University of Canterbury. Number 1: 25-31.

Deverson, Tony. 1990. Maori and Pakeha updated: cultural sensitivity and the Heinemann New Zealand Dictionary. English in Aotearoa 13: 36-42.

Deverson, Tony. 1991. New Zealand English lexis: the Maori dimension. English Today 26: 18-25.

Geering, Elaine. 1993. The use of Maori in the late nineteenth-century Auckland press. In Laurie Bauer & Christine Franzen (eds). Of Pavlova, Poetry and Paradigms: Essays in Honour of Harry Orsman. Wellington, Victoria University Press: 250-260.

Kennedy, Graeme. 2001. Lexical borrowing from Maori in New Zealand English. In Bruce Moore (ed.). Who’s centric now? The present state of post-colonial Englishes. Melbourne. Oxford University Press: 59-81.

Kennedy, Graeme and Shunji Yamazaki. 1999. The influence of Maori on the New Zealand English lexicon. In Kirk, John M. (ed.). Corpora Galore: analyses and techniques in describing English. Amsterdam. Rodopi: 33-44.

Macalister, John. 1999. Trends in New Zealand English: some observations on the presence of Maori words in the lexicon. New Zealand English Journal 13: 38-49.

Macalister, John. 2000. Reflections on Lexical Borrowing and Code-Switching in New Zealand English. Kotare 3, 2: 73 – 79.

Macalister, John. 2000. The changing use of Maori words in New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 14: 41-47.

Macalister, John. 2002. Maori loanwords and New Zealand humour. NZWords 6: 3-4.

Macalister, John. 2004. A survey of Maori word knowledge. English in Aotearoa 52: 69-73.

Macalister, John. 2005. ADictionary of Maori Words in New Zealand English. Melbourne, Oxford University Press.

Macalister, John. 2006. Of Weka and Waiata: Familiarity with borrowings from te reo Maori. Te Reo 49: 101-124.

Macalister, John. 2006. The Maori presence in the New Zealand English lexicon, 1850 – 2000: Evidence from a corpus-based study. English World-Wide 27: 1, 1-24.

Matthews, R.J.H. 1984. Maori influence on New Zealand English. World Language English. 3.3: 156-159.

Mitcalfe, Barry. 1967. Survivals of Maori in English. Education 16.8 (September 1967): 20-22 .

Patterson, John. 1989a. Maori concepts in Pakeµhaµµ (sic) English. English in Aotearoa 8: 19-24.

Patterson, John. 1989b. Utu, revenge and mana. British Review of New Zealand Studies 2: 51‑61.

Ryan, J.S. 1973. The changing pattern of tolerance of Maori words in New Zealand English. Linguistic Communications 11: 98-144. (Revised version, ‘The tolerance of Maori in New Zealand English’, in Orbis (Louvain) 26.2 (1977): 341-370.)

Thompson, Wendy. 1990. Attitudes to Maori and the use of Maori lexical items in English. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 1: 37-46.

Media and performance

Bell, Allan. 1983. Broadcast news as a language standard. In Gerhard Leitner (ed.). Language and Mass Media (International Journal of the Sociology of Language 40). Amsterdam. Mouton: 29-42.

Bell, Allan. 1985. One rule of news English: geographical, social and historical spread. Te Reo 28: 95-117.

Bell, Allan. 1988. The British base and the American connection in New Zealand media English. American Speech 63.4: 326-344.

Bell, Allan. 1990. Audience and referee design in New Zealand media language. In Bell and Holmes (eds). New Zealand ways of speaking English. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters; and Wellington, Victoria University Press: 165-194.

Bell, Allan. 1992. Hit and miss: referee design in the dialects of New Zealand television advertisements. Language and Communication 12. 3-4; 1-14.

Brooks, Amanda. 1994. American and British influences on phonetic variables in New Zealand rock music. New Zealand English Newsletter 8: 22-30.

Gibson, Andrew. 2005. Non-prevocalic /r/ in New Zealand hip-hop. New Zealand English Journal 19: 5-12.

Leek, Robert-H. and Jackie Greenwood. 1991. Broadcasting and New Zealand English: styling the news in the nineties. New Zealand English Newsletter 5: 5-10.

Molin, D.H. 1984. Actor’s encyclopedia of dialects. New York, Sterling Publishing Co. (Master category 15: Australia and New Zealand/Anzac. 173-181.)

Radio New Zealand Pronunciation Guide. 3rd ed. 1982.

Origins

Bauer, Laurie. 1991. New Zild-Strine / Pom = ? In Australia-New Zealand: aspects of a relationship. Proceedings of the Stout Research Centre 8th annual conference. Wellington, Stout Research Centre. (not paginated)

Bauer, Laurie. 1996. How much New Zealand English comes from Scottish? Scotia Pacific 1996/1: 14-15.

Bauer, Laurie. 1997. Attempting to trace Scottish influence on New Zealand English. In Edgar. W. Schneider (ed.), Englishes around the World 2: studies in honour of Manfred Görlach. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company: 257-272.

Bauer, Laurie 1999. The origins of the New Zealand English accent. English World-Wide 20. 2: 287-307.

Bauer, Laurie. 2000. The dialectal origins of New Zealand English. In Bell and Holmes (eds). New Zealand ways of speaking English. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters; and Wellington, Victoria University Press: 40-52.

Britain, David. 2001. Where did it all start?: dialect contact, the ‘founder principle’ and the so-called <-own> split in new Zealand English. Transactions of the Philological Society 99: 1-27.

Britain, David 2005. Where did New Zealand English come from? In Allan Bell, Ray Harlow and Donna Starks (eds). Languages of New Zealand. Wellington: Victoria University Press: 156 – 193.

Ellis, Alexander J. 1889. On Early English Pronunciation. Volume 5. Trübner and Co. (Australasian South Eastern (incorporating material supplied by Samuel McBurney): 236‑248.)

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1983. New Zealand English pronunciation: an investigation into some early written records. Te Reo 26: 29-42.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1991. Research into the origins of New Zealand speech. New Zealand English Newsletter 5: 11-12.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1991. The development of spoken English in New Zealand. In McGregor and Williams (eds). Dirty silence: aspects of language and literature in New Zealand. Auckland, Oxford University Press: 19-28.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1992. Finding their own voice: the evolution of New Zealand English. In Claudia Blank (ed.). Language and civilization: a concerted profusion of essays and studies in honour of Otto Hietsch. Frankfurt-on-Main. Peter Lang Publishers: 198-208.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1994. Reconstructing the past: written and spoken evidence of early New Zealand speech. New Zealand English Newsletter 8: 5-10.

Gordon, Elizabeth. 1998. The origins of New Zealand speech: the limits of recovering historical information from written records. English World-Wide 19.1: 61-85.

Gordon, Elizabeth and Marcia Abell. 1990. ‘This objectionable colonial dialect’: historical and contemporary attitudes to New Zealand speech. In Bell and Holmes (eds). New Zealand ways of speaking English. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters; and Wellington, Victoria University Press: 21-48.

Gordon, Elizabeth, Lyle Campbell, Jennifer Hay, Margaret Maclagan, Andrea Sudbury, Peter Trudgill 2004. New Zealand English: its origins and evolution. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Gordon, Elizabeth and Trudgill, P. 2004. The English input to New Zealand in R. Hickey (ed.) The legacy of colonial English: a study of transported dialects Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 440-455.

Gordon, Ian A. 1988. British regional survivals in New Zealand English. In T.L. Burton & Jill Burton (eds), Lexicographical and linguistic studies: essays in honour of G.W. Turner. Cambridge, D.S. Brewer: 179-184. Reprinted in New Zealand English Newsletter 3 (1989): 5-8.

Langstrof, Christian. 2003. The short front vowels in NZE in the intermediate period. New Zealand English Journal 17: 4-16.

Langstrof, Christian 2004. The centring diphthongs of New Zealand English in the intermediate period. Proceedings of the Tenth Australian International Conference on Speech Science & Technology, 207-212.

Lewis, Gillian. 1996. The Origins of New Zealand English: a report on work in progress. New Zealand English Journal 10: 25-30.

Maclagan, David. 1998. /h/-dropping in early New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 12: 34-42.

Maclagan, Margaret A. & Gordon, Elizabeth. 2004. The story of New Zealand English: what the ONZE project tells us.Australian Journal of Linguistics, 24(1): 41-56.

McGeorge, C.M. 1984. Hear our voices we entreat: schools and the ‘colonial twang’ 1880-1930. New Zealand Journal of History 18.1: 3-18.

Trudgill, Peter. 1986. Dialects in contact. Oxford, Basil Blackwell. (esp. Chap. 4, Koineåisation in Colonial English. 127-161.)

Trudgill, Peter. 1997. The chaos before the order: New Zealand English and the second stage of new dialect formation. In Jahr, E.H. (ed.). Historical Sociolinguistics. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter.

Trudgill, Peter. 1999a. A Southern Hemisphere East Anglian: New Zealand English as a resource for the study of 19th century British English. In Lucko, P. and U. Carls (eds). Festschrift for Klaus Hansen. Berlin, Humboldt University.

Trudgill, Peter. 1999b. A window on the past: New Zealand evidence for the phonology of 19th-century English English. American Speech.

Trudgill, Peter. 2001. On the irrelevance of prestige, stigma and identity in the development of New Zealand English phonology. New Zealand English Journal 15: 42-46.

Trudgill, Peter 2004. New-dialect formation: the inevitability of colonial Englishes. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.

Trudgill, Peter, Elizabeth Gordon and Gillian Lewis. 1998. New-dialect formation and Southern Hemisphere English: the New Zealand short front vowels. Journal of Sociolinguistics 2.1: 35-51.

Trudgill, Peter, Elizabeth Gordon, Gillian Lewis and Margaret Maclagan. 2000a. Determinism in new-dialect formation and the genesis of New Zealand English. Journal of Linguistics 36: 299-318.

Trudgill, Peter, Elizabeth Gordon, Gillian Lewis and Margaret Maclagan. 2000b. The role of drift in the formation of native-speaker Southern Hemisphere Englishes: some New Zealand evidence. Diachronica 17: 111-138.

Trudgill, Peter, Margaret A. Maclagan and Gillian Lewis. 2003. The Scottish input to New Zealand English phonology. Journal of English Linguistics 31: 103-124.

Wanderer (pseud.). 1888. Antipodean notes (collected on a nine months tour round the world). London. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington. (Chapter XXIII: Colonialisms 165-171.)

Woods, Nicola J. 1997. The formation and development of New Zealand English: Interaction of gender-related variation and linguistic change. Journal of Sociolinguistics 1.1: 95-125.

Regional variation

Ainsworth, Helen. 2003. How she says it and how he says it - differences in the intonation of dairy farming women and men in South Taranaki. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics, 15, 1-15.

Ainsworth, Helen. 2004. Regional Variation in New Zealand English Intonation: Taranaki versus Wellington. Unpublished PhD, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington.

Bartlett, Chris. 1992. Regional variation in New Zealand English: the case of Southland. New Zealand English Newsletter 6: 5-15.

Bauer, Laurie and Winifred Bauer. 2000. Nova Zelandia est omnis divisa in partes tres. New Zealand English Journal 14: 7-17.

Bauer, Laurie and Winifred Bauer. 2001. NZ English or NZ Englishes? English in Aotearoa 43: 59-76.

Bauer, Laurie & Winifred Bauer. 2001. The influence of the Maori population on NZ dialect areas. Te Reo 43:39-61.

Bauer, Laurie and Winifred Bauer. 2002. Can we watch regional dialects developing in colonial English? The case of New Zealand. English World-Wide 23: 169-193.

Bauer, Laurie & Winifred Bauer. 2002b. New Zealand Playground Language Project. URL: http://www.vuw.ac.nz/lals/research/Playground/index.aspx

Bauer, Laurie & Winifred Bauer. 2002c. The persistance of dialect areas. Te Reo 45:37-44.

Bauer, Laurie and Winifred Bauer. 2003. Playground Talk. Wellington: Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, Victoria University of Wellington.

Bauer, Laurie and Winifred Bauer. 2005. Regional dialects in New Zealand children’s playground vocabulary. In Allan Bell, Ray Harlow & Donna Starks (eds), Languages of New Zealand. Wellington: Victoria University Press: 194-216.

Bayard, Donn and Christopher Bartlett. 1996. "You must be from Gorre": Attitudinal effects of Southland rhotic accents and speaker gender on NZE listeners and the question of NZE regional variation. Te Reo, 39, 25-52.

Deverson, Tony. 2001. Canterbury words: language under the nor’west arch. NZWords 5: 5-7.

Durkin, M.E. 1972. A study of pronunciation, oral grammar and vocabulary of West Coast schoolchildren. Unpublished MA dissertation, Christchurch, University of Canterbury.

Gibbs, Helen M. 1994. ‘To lux or to vacuum?’ - accommodation of Southland dialect speakers in a New Zealand English environment. New Zealand English Newsletter 8: 18-21.

Gordon, Elizabeth and Margaret A. Maclagan. 2004. Regional and social differences in New Zealand: phonology. In Bernd Kortman, Edgar W. Schneider, Kate Burridge, Rajend Mesthrie & Clive Upton (eds). A Handbook of Varieties of English, vol 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter: 603-613.

Gordon, Elizabeth, Lyle Campbell, Jen Hay, Margaret Maclagan, Andrea Sudbury and Peter Trudgill. 2004. New Zealand English: Its Origins and Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gordon, Pamela. 1995. Perceptual dialectology in New Zealand: a folk-linguistic exercise.Unpublished Honours research essay, Dunedin, University of Otago.

Gordon, Pamela. 1997. What New Zealanders believe about regional variation in New Zealand English: a folklinguistic investigation. New Zealand English Journal 11: 14-25.

Hall, M. 1976. An acoustic analysis of New Zealand vowels. Unpublished MA dissertation, Auckland, University of Auckland.

Horvath, Barbara M. and Ronald J. Horvath. 2001. A multilocality study of a sound change in progress: The case of /l/ vocalization in New Zealand and Australian English. Language Variation and Change, 13, 37-57.

Horvath, Barbara M. and Ronald J. Horvath. 2002. The geolinguistics of /l/ vocalization in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 6, 219-346.

Orsman, Harry (H.W.O.). 1966. The Southland dialect. In A.H. McLintock (ed.), An encyclopedia of New Zealand. Wellington, Government Printer. Vol. 2: 680-681.

Wolfram, Walt. 1998. The changing scope of dialectal variation: a transcontinental perspective. Te Reo 41: 45-61.

Social class

Bayard, Donn. 1987. Class and change in New Zealand English: a summary report. Te Reo 30: 3-36.

Bayard, Donn. 1989. ‘Me say that? No way!’: the social correlates of American lexical diffusion in New Zealand English. Te Reo 32: 17-60.

Bayard, Donn. 1991. Social constraints on the phonology of New Zealand English. In Jenny Cheshire (ed.), English around the world: sociolinguistic perspectives. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 169-186.

Bayard, Donn. 1995. Kiwitalk: sociolinguistics and New Zealand society. Palmerston North. Dunmore Press.

Bayard, Donn and Kirk Sullivan. 2000. Perception of country of origin and social status of English speakers by Swedish and New Zealand listeners. In Antonis Botinis and Niklas Torstensson (eds), Proceedings of Fonetik 2000. Skovde: Hogskolan Skovde. Pp. 33-36.

Bell, Allan. 1985. One rule of news English: geographical, social and historical spread. Te Reo 28: 95-117.

Gordon, Elizabeth & Margaret A. Maclagan. 2004. Regional and social differences in New Zealand: phonology. In Bernd Kortman & Edgar W. Schneider (eds), A Handbook of Varieties of English, vol 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 603-613.

Holmes, Janet. 1997. Maori and Pakeha English: some New Zealand social dialect data. Language in Society 26: 65-101.

Holmes, Janet, Allan Bell and Mary Boyce. 1991. Variation and change in New Zealand English: a social dialect investigation. Project report to the Social Sciences Committee of the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. Wellington. Victoria University of Wellington.

Holmes, Janet and Maria Stubbe. 1995. You know, eh and other ‘exasperating expressions’: an analysis of social and stylistic variation in the use of pragmatic devices in a sample of New Zealand English. Language and Communication 15: 63-88.

Huygens, Ingrid & Graham M. Vaughan. 1983. Language attitudes, ethnicity and social class in New Zealand. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 4: 207-223.

Maclagan, Margaret A. and Elizabeth Gordon. 1999. Data for New Zealand social dialectology: the Canterbury corpus. New Zealand English Journal 13: 50-58.

Maclagan, Margaret & Gordon, Elizabeth. 2005. Regional and Social differences in NZ Phonology. Mouton Handbook of Varieties of English ed. Bernd Kortmann, Elizabeth Traugott, & Jürgen Handke. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

White, Cynthia. 1987. Sociolinguistic aspects of New Zealand English. New Zealand English Newsletter 1: 16-17.

Text-type

Dictionary

Bardsley, Dianne (ed.). 2005. The New Zealand Oxford School Thesaurus. Auckland, Oxford University Press.

Bardsley, Dianne (ed.). 2005. The New Zealand Oxford Mini Thesaurus. Auckland, Oxford University Press.

Bardsley, Dianne (ed.). 2006. The New Zealand Oxford School Dictionary, 4th edition. Melbourne, Oxford University Press.

Barratt, Alexandra (ed.). 1991. The New Zealand Oxford School dictionary. Auckland, Oxford University Press.

Burchfield, Robert W. (ed.). 1969. A supplement of Australian and New Zealand words. In The Pocket Oxford dictionary, 5th edition only: 1017-1048.

Burchfield, Robert W. (ed.). 1972, 1976, 1982, 1986. Supplement to the Oxford English dictionary. London, Oxford University Press.

Burchfield, Robert W. (ed.). 1986. The New Zealand Pocket Oxford dictionary. Auckland. Oxford University Press. (New Zealand English xxii-xxiv, Te Reo Pakeha o Aotearoa xxv-xxvi.) (Reviews by Forrest Scott in New Zealand Listener, 26 April 1986: 46; Tom McArthur in English Today 8: 42-43 (October 1986); Kendrick Smithyman in Te Reo 30 (1987): 129-134. Article by Frances Levy in New Zealand Woman’s Weekly, 5 May 1986: 8-9.) Reprinted with corrections 1990.

Collins Contemporary Dictionary: Australian and New Zealand edition. 1965. London. Collins. (Supplement includes ‘a selective dictionary of Australian and New Zealand words and terms’: 610-629.) (Also published as The New Zealand Contemporary Dictionary. 1966. Christchurch, Whitcombe & Tombs Ltd.) (Supplement derives from the Australasian Universal Dictionary. 1962. Sydney. Collins.)

Collins New Zealand School Dictionary. 1999. Glasgow, HarperCollins. (New Zealand editor Elizabeth Gordon)

Delbridge, A. (editor-in-chief) 1981. (New Zealand 1983.) The Macquarie Dictionary. McMahons Point, NSW, Macquarie Pty Ltd. (review by Tony Deverson in New Zealand Listener, 21 January 1984: 30.) (also Concise and Budget editions.) Second edition 1991. Third edition 1997.

Delbridge, A. (general editor) 1986. The Penguin Tasman Dictionary: an international dictionary for all New Zealanders. Auckland, Penguin Books. (New Zealand consulting editor: H.W. Orsman) (Introduction ‘English by the Tasman’ by J.R.L. Bernard. vi-vii.; otherwise as Concise Macquarie.) (review by Tony Deverson in New Zealand Listener, 11 April 1987: 61.)

Deverson, Tony (ed.). 1995. The New Zealand Oxford School Dictionary, 2nd edition. Auckland, Oxford University Press.

Deverson, Tony (ed.). 1997. The New Zealand Pocket Oxford Dictionary (2nd edition). Auckland, Oxford University Press.

Deverson, Tony (ed.). 1998. The New Zealand Oxford Paperback Dictionary. Auckland, Oxford University Press.

Deverson, Tony (ed.). 1999. The New Zealand Oxford Minidictionary. Auckland, Oxford University Press.

Deverson, Tony (ed.). 2000. The New Zealand Oxford Junior Dictionary (2nd edition). Auckland, Oxford University Press.

Deverson, Tony (ed.). 2001. The New Zealand Oxford School Dictionary (3rd edition). Auckland, Oxford University Press.

Deverson, Tony (ed.). 2003. The New Zealand Oxford Primary School Dictionary (3rd edition). Melbourne, Oxford University Press.

Deverson, Tony (ed.). 2003. The New Zealand Oxford Junior Dictionary (3rd edition). Melbourne, Oxford University Press.

Deverson, Tony (ed.). 2005. The New Zealand Pocket Oxford Dictionary (3rd edition). Melbourne, Oxford University Press.

Deverson, Tony (ed.). 2006. The New Zealand Oxford Paperback Dictionary (2nd edition). Melbourne, Oxford University Press.

Deverson, Tony (ed.). 2006. The New Zealand Mini Dictionary (2nd edition). Melbourne, Oxford University Press.

Deverson, Tony and Graeme Kennedy. 2004. The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary. Melbourne, Oxford University Press.

Foreman, J. B. (ed.). 1966. The New Zealand Contemporary Dictionary. Christchurch, Whitcombe & Tombs.

Gordon, Ian A. (ed.) 1982. The New Collins Concise Dictionary of the English Language. Auckland, Collins. (New Zealand edition) (Pronunciation of English in New Zealand xvi, New Zealand English xvii-xix.) (review by Forrest Scott in New Zealand Listener, 20 August 1983: 100-101.)

Gordon, Ian A. (ed.) 1985. The Collins New Zealand Compact English Dictionary. (New Zealand English viii-xii.) (review by Forrest Scott in New Zealand Listener 26 April 1986: 46.)

Hinde, G.W. (ed.) 1964. Mozley and Whiteley’s Law Dictionary: New Zealand edition. Wellington, Butterworths.

Jones, Ewen and Myreille Pawliez. 1998. Dictionnaire Néo-Zélandais-Français = New Zealand-French dictionary. Paris, Editions l'Harmattan.

Kennedy, Graeme, Richard Arnold, Pat Dugdale and Dave Moskovitz. 1997. A Dictionary of New Zealand Sign Language. Auckland, Auckland University Press with Bridget Williams Books.

Leland, Louis. 1980. Personal Kiwi-Yankee (Slanguage) Dictionary. Dunedin. John McIndoe. Revised second edition 1990.

Macalister, John. 2005. ADictionary of Maori Words in New Zealand English. Melbourne, Oxford University Press.

McCann, Heather and Tony Deverson (eds). 1999. The New Zealand Oxford Primary School Dictionary (2nd edition). Auckland, Oxford University Press.

McGill, David. 1988. A Dictionary of New Zealand Slang. Lower Hutt, Mills Publications.

McGill, David. 1989. The Dinkum Kiwi Dictionary. Lower Hutt, Mills Publications.

McGill, David. 1998. David McGill’s Complete Kiwi Slang Dictionary. Auckland, Reed.

Mitchell, A.G. 1949. A supplement of Australian and New Zealand words. In Chambers’s Shorter English Dictionary: 785-808.

Modern Junior Dictionary, A (‘specially adapted for use in Australia and New Zealand’). Christchurch, Whitcombe & Tombs Ltd. (13th ed. 1967.)

Morris, Edward. 1898. Austral English: a dictionary of Australasian words, phrases and usages, with those Aboriginal-Australian and Maori words which have become incorporated in the language and the commoner scientific words that have had their origin in Australasia. London, Macmillan. (Facsimile reissue 1982, under the title Morris’s Dictionary of Australian words, names and phrases. Melbourne. Currey O’Neil.)

Ngata, H.M. 1993. English-Maori dictionary. Wellington, Learning Media.

Orsman, Elizabeth and Harry Orsman (eds). 1994. The New Zealand Dictionary. Auckland, New House Publishers. (Second edition 1995.)

Orsman, Harry (ed.). 1979. Heinemann New Zealand Dictionary. Auckland. Heinemann. (review by Forrest Scott in New Zealand Listener, 12 May 1979: 72-73; see also Smithyman 1980.) Second edition 1989. (review by Tony Deverson in New Zealand Listener, 7 May 1990: 109-110.)

Orsman, Harry. 1997. The Dictionary of New Zealand English: a dictionary of New Zealandisms on historical principles. Auckland, Oxford University Press. (reviews: Laurie Bauer in New Zealand Books, December 1997, reprinted in NZWords 1.1 (July 1998); Graeme Kennedy in New Zealand Listener (13.8.97); Laurie Bauer in English World-Wide 19.1 (1998): 123-128; for others see New Zealand English Journal 12: 4-5)

Orsman, Harry. 1999. A Dictionary of Modern New Zealand Slang. Auckland, Oxford University Press.

Orsman, Harry & Des Hurley. 1992. New Zealand Slang Dictionary. Auckland, Reed Publishing.

Orsman, Harry and Des Hurley. 1994a. A Dictionary of Kiwi-isms. Auckland, Reed Publishing.

Orsman, Harry and Des Hurley. 1994b. The Beaut Little Book of New Zealand Slang. Auckland, Reed Publishing.

Reed, A.W. 1975. Place Names of New Zealand. Wellington, A.H. & A.W. Reed.

Reeds’ School Dictionary. 1951. Wellington, A.H. & A.W. Reed. (2nd ed.) (New Zealand supplement 155-158.)

Ryan, P.M. 1995. The Reed Dictionary of Modern Maµori. Auckland. Reed Publishing (NZ) Ltd. (Has both Maµori-English and English-Maµori sections.)

Shallcrass, Jack (ed.). 1992. The New Zealand Oxford Junior Dictionary. Auckland, Oxford University Press.

Shallcrass, Jack (ed.). 1994. The New Zealand Oxford Primary School Dictionary. Auckland, Oxford University Press.

Wattie, N. (ed.). 2001. The Reed Dictionary of New Zealand English, 3rd edition. Auckland, Reed Books.

Webster’s International Dictionary of the English Language. Australasian edition 1898. Springfield, Massachusetts, G. & C. Merriam Company. (Australasian supplement includes A Dictionary of Australasian words, compiled and edited by Joshua Lake: 2015‑2034.)

Whitcombe’s School Etymological Dictionary. Auckland, Whitcombe & Tombs Ltd. (n.d., c. 1930.) (Supplement of Australian and New Zealand words:.1-12, foll: 312.)

Wileman, Bud & Robin (eds). 1987. New Zealand Spelling Dictionary. Sydney, Wileman Publications. (Australian in all but title.)

Popular

Acker, Arch. 1966. New Zild, and how to speak it (a Kiwi’s answer to Strine). Wellington, A.H. & A.W. Reed.

Attitudes to New Zealand English: A Listener Correspondence (1961). 1990. New Zealand English Newsletter 4: 35 – 38.

Baker, Sidney J. 1941. New Zealand slang: a dictionary of colloquialisms. Christchurch, Whitcombe and Tombs. (undated in original; Preface dated 1935-40.)

Blundell, Sally. 2001. Heow neow breown ceow? NZ Listener, April 7: 26-28.

Buzo, Alexander. 1994. Kiwese: a guide, a ductionary, a shearing of unsights. Port Melbourne, Victoria. Reed Books Australia. (A Strine-like Aussie view of NZE.)

Cryer, M. 2002. Curious Kiwi Words. Auckland: Harper Collins.

Davy, Derek. 1985. New Zealand English. In J. Khan (ed.). The right word at the right time: a guide to the English language and how to use it. London, Reader’s Digest Association. 378-380.

Gordon, Ian A. 1979. In praise of New Zealand English. Reader’s Digest. February 1979: 23‑26.

Gordon, Ian A. 1980. A word in your ear. Auckland, Heinemann Educational Books. (Esp. Introduction 1-9.)

Hansen, Elizabeth. 1986. Parlez-vous Kiwi? Pacific Way (August-September 1986): 46-47.

Hayward, N. and T. Hayward. 1976. New Zealandeze: a traveller’s guide to the Kiwi language. Nelson. Hayward Publications.

Hirsh, Walter. 1989. New Zealand English - alive and very well! (Te reo Pākehā o Aotearoa - kei te tino ora!). Auckland. Office of the Race Relations Conciliator.

Isaac, Peter. 2004. The New Gobbledygook: a New Zealand dictionary and guidebook. Wellington: transpress New Zealand

Leland, Louis. 1980. A Personal Kiwi-Yankee (Slanguage) Dictionary. Dunedin. John McIndoe. Revised second edition 1990.

McGill, David. 1988. A Dictionary of New Zealand Slang. Lower Hutt, Mills Publications.

McGill, David. 1989. The Dinkum Kiwi Dictionary. Lower Hutt, Mills Publications.

McGill, David. 1998. David McGill’s Complete Kiwi Slang Dictionary. Auckland, Reed.

Mitchell, Austin. 1972. The half-gallon, quarter-acre, pavlova paradise. Christchurch, Whitcombe & Tombs. (Postscript: ‘Teach yourself New Zild’: 180-184.)

Sharp, Iain. 1988. New Zildish. Pacific Way (December 1988-January 1989): 8-9.

Taylor, Rowan. 2000. Child’s play. NZ Listener, October 14: 26-27.